Avoiding Mistakes in Your Small Business (The Crisp Small Business)

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Avoiding Mistakes in Your Small Business (The Crisp Small Business)
Dave Karlson
Manufacturer: Crisp Learning
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

General | Job Hunting & Careers | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

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Management | Management & Leadership | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

Systems & Planning | Management & Leadership | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

General | Small Business & Entrepreneurship | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

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Manager's Guides to Computing | Business & Culture | Computers & Internet | Subjects | Books

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ASIN: 1560521732

Free Trade, Free World: The Advent of GATT (The Luther Hartwell Hodges Series on Business, Society, and the State)

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The Advent of GATT

Free Trade, Free World: The Advent of GATT (The Luther Hartwell Hodges Series on Business, Society, and the State)
Thomas W. Zeiler
Manufacturer: The University of North Carolina Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

Economic Policy & Development | Economics | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

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Zeiler traces the debate between proponents of free trade and advocates of protectionism, showing how and why a compromise ultimately triumphed. Placing a liberal trade policy in the service of diplomacy as a means of confronting communism, American officials forged a consensus among politicians of all stripes for freer—if not free—trade that persists to this day. Constructed from inherently contradictory impulses, the system of international trade that evolved under GATT was flexible enough to promote American economic and political interests both at home and abroad, says Zeiler, and it is just such flexibility that has allowed GATT to endure.

Zeiler, associate professor of history at the University of Colorado at Boulder, provides a well-researched and detailed history of the very difficult discussions between the United States and its allies over free trade during and immediately after the Second World War. His book is well written and interesting. It shows that not only did the American supporters of free trade have to battle their foes at home, they had to constantly struggle to convince many other leaders of democratic nations that free trade was in their best interests, as well as America's. Economic arguments about the benefits of free trade to the world community often ran up against the realities of politics as well as the economic belief that protection was better for the public good. In the United States it was hard to argue with opponents of free trade that allowing in cheaper imports such as shoes helped to improve employment when workers in shoe factories lost their jobs.

Negotiations between the United States, Great Britain, and the British Commonwealth about the relaxation of protectionist measures began during World war 2. Britian and her former colonies devoted considerable time and energy to trade issues even when the British were involved in a life and death stuggle with Nazi Germany. Idealists were looking to the future when peace and an open world economy might prevail. Protection, of course, continued after the war. Much of the blame for the failure of the free trade negotiations at this time can be laid on the British and their Commonwealth. Facing considerable economic hardship as a result of the war, British politicians believed that protectionist policies would help their economy recover and allow them to regain some of their former world dominance.

In the United States, during the period covered by this book, presidents Franklin Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower were all in favour of free trade but with different degrees of conviction. Their strongest opposition came from Republican members of Congress. Roosevelt supported free trade because he believed it helped his New Deal but was never a free trade idealist. He had, of course, seen protectionist policies cause world trade to decline by 60% in the early years of the Great Depression. Truman was much more convinced of free trade's merits, having believed in its value since his high school days, but also "backed protectionism when needed." Eisenhower, who became President near the end of this history, had a much broader world perspective than his predecessors. He supported free trade unequivocally, believing it would strengthen the non-communist world in the global struggle to win the hearts and minds of Third World leaders.

Considerable international opposition to free trade came from Britain and her Commonwealth. In 1932, as a result of the "Ottawa Agreement", Britain had established a trade system that discriminated against non-Commonwealth members. Naturally, Commonwealth leaders wanted this to continue and opposed any move towards free trade. In Britain, opposition to free trade crossed party lines as it did in the United States. Churchill, the Conservative Party leader, who had seen his country's power dissolve during the war, believed "that Britain's postwar salvation lay in regulated, not free trade". Clement Attlee, the socialist, Labour Party leader, who became Prime Minister immediately after the Second World War in 1945, believed in protection and regulated trade as a matter of principle.

Meetings to establish free trade took place between 1946 and 1948 in London, Geneva, and Havana. At Geneva, from April to October 1947, a draft charter for an International Trade Organization (ITO) was created. This was approved in Havana in November by fifty-three nations, most of the trading world with the exception of the Soviet Union. However, these nations were not truly committed to free trade and the ITO died. Replacing it was the less comprehensive General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was signed by twenty-three nations on October 30th, 1947. The realities of Cold War politics destroyed the idealism that had surfaced during the war. American business interests and politicians who had strongly supported free trade throughout this period as a means of improving employment and prosperity had to be contented with a compromise that blended free trade with protectionism.

Free Trade, Free World: The Advent of GATT.(Review) (book review): An article from: Canadian Journal of History

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Free Trade, Free World: The Advent of GATT.(Review) (book review): An article from: Canadian Journal of History
Gregory P. Marchildon
Manufacturer: University of Saskatchewan
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Globalisation and the Chinese City (Routledgecurzon Contemporary China Series)

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Globalisation and the Chinese City (Routledgecurzon Contemporary China Series)
Fulong Wu
Manufacturer: Routledge
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

General | Popular Economics | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

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ASIN: 0415351995

This book examines the impact of globalisation on Chinese cities, including the economic, cultural and political impact, and demonstrates the importance of the local dimension in the globalisation process, arguing that hitherto studies of globalisation have overemphasised Western cities and the idea of "the global city". The book contrasts the dynamics of the socialist city with the post-reform city and new dynamics. It examines the reach and limit of globalisation, presents case studies of China's leading global cities, and assesses the urban political and economic implications.

In this book, Jayne Godfrey and Keryn Chalmers explore the intricacies of the globalisation of accounting standards - arguably one of the most significant business developments of the wider globalisation process during the past two decades. They examine the key issues and implications of this harmonisation of accounting standards from the perspectives of a diverse range of worldwide stakeholders.

Globalisation of Accounting Standards shows that globalisation approaches differ significantly because countries seek to maintain varying degrees of sovereignty over their regulations. International differences in economic, political, legal, religious and social characteristics also affect globalisation approaches and, in turn, influence national accounting standard-setting agendas. The book explores why countries relinquish their existing national accounting standard-setting regimes to join the global movement. It also seeks to resolve questions such as: To what extent are national incentives altruistic, economic, political or social? Who are the winners and losers in the process?

This authoritative book is thoroughly researched and expertly informed. Written by both academics and regulators, it tackles a critical and controversial issue in the globalisation movement. As such, it will be of great interest to a wide-ranging audience including: international, national, private and public sector standard-setters, economic regulators, accounting academics and political economists and strategists.

Globalisation and Resistance: Law Reform in Asia Since the Crisis (Onati International Series in Law and Society)

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Globalisation and Resistance: Law Reform in Asia Since the Crisis (Onati International Series in Law and Society)

Manufacturer: Hart Pub
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

Comparative | Perspectives on Law | Law | Subjects | Books

Jurisprudence | Perspectives on Law | Law | Subjects | Books

Non-US Legal Systems | Perspectives on Law | Law | Subjects | Books

General | Law | Subjects | Books

Globalization | Politics | Nonfiction | Subjects | Books
ASIN: 1841136816

The book discusses Baha'i religious texts, rituals, economy, everyday life, demographic development, mission strategies, leadership, and international activism in analyses based on primary material, such as interview studies among the Baha'is, fieldwork data from the Baha'i World Centre in Israel, and field trips around the world.

The approach is a combination of history of religions and sociology of religion within a theoretical framework of religion and globalisation. Several general topics in the study of new religions are covered. The book contributes to the theoretical study of globalisation by proposing a new model for analysing globalisation and transnational religions.

Emerging Markets & Special Surveys: Globalisation Series (Globalisation)

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Emerging Markets & Special Surveys: Globalisation Series (Globalisation)

Manufacturer: G7 Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 1894611055

Image Makers: Advertising, Public Relations, and the Ethos of Advocacy

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A Penetrating Analysis
A pedantic work to be read with a dictionary or just skip it

Image Makers: Advertising, Public Relations, and the Ethos of Advocacy
Robert Jackall , and Janice M. Hirota
Manufacturer: University Of Chicago Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Advertising | Marketing & Sales | Business & Investing | Subjects | Books

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Media Studies | Social Sciences | Nonfiction | Subjects | Books

Talking dogs pitching ethnic food. Heart-tugging appeals for contributions. Recruitment calls for enlistment in the military. Tub-thumpers excoriating American society with over-the-top rhetoric. At every turn, Americans are exhorted to spend money, join organizations, rally to causes, or express outrage. Image Makers is a comprehensive analysis of modern advocacy-from commercials to public service ads to government propaganda-and its roots in advertising and public relations.

Robert Jackall and Janice M. Hirota explore the fashioning of the apparatus of advocacy through the stories of two organizations, the Committee on Public Information, which sold the Great War to the American public, and the Advertising Council, which since the Second World War has been the main coordinator of public service advertising. They then turn to the career of William Bernbach, the adman's adman, who reinvented advertising and grappled creatively with the profound skepticism of a propaganda-weary midcentury public. Jackall and Hirota argue that the tools-in-trade and habits of mind of "image makers" have now migrated into every corner of modern society. Advocacy is now a vocation for many, and American society abounds as well with "technicians in moral outrage," including street-smart impresarios, feminist preachers, and bombastic talk-radio hosts.

The apparatus and ethos of advocacy give rise to endlessly shifting patterns of conflicting representations and claims, and in their midst Image Makers offers a clear and spirited understanding of advocacy in contemporary society and the quandaries it generates.

However, if you are seeking an intellectual and exceptionally insightful analysis about the origins of advertising and public relations and how these advocacy disciplines affect all aspects of our political and social lives, then I would highly recommend this book.

Although this book is definetely complex, it is an extremely interesting eye opener about a society that is hooked on images. By breaking down the way in which special interests and political groups use advocacy to promote and legitimize their own agendas and political interests, he exposes a world that makes you realize that much of the what we see and hear in the media are merely images of what advocates want us to see. He does this in a rational investigation of our democratic evolution and not so much an indictment of the advertsing and PR disciplines.

Enlightening and Fascinating, though, I do believe, however, that he walks the line of becoming perhaps a bit too cynical at times.