Risk Assessment Methods

Book Description

This volume fills the need for a comprehensive guidebook and reference for risk assessment techniques. Within a generalized conceptual framework the authors clarify and integrate basic concepts; critique current methodologies; and teach the selection and application of a specific method and the interpretation of its results. The work makes these seemingly bewildering techniques accessible to readers from all disciplines.

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A wonderful book!
A unique contribution to risk assessment

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
Charles N. Haas , Joan B. Rose , and Charles P. Gerba
Manufacturer: Wiley
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0471183970

Book Description

The first complete guide to the quantitative assessment of risks to humans posed by infectious agents in all environmental media.

Recent highly-publicized infectious disease outbreaks in the United States and abroad have engendered mounting political pressure to require the use of quantitative techniques in the assessment of the risks of human exposure to an array of microorganisms. While traditional indicator methods for pathogen assessment and control have always left much to be desired, it is only with the advent of modern microbial methods that it is now possible to establish rigorous testing protocols for infectious agents comparable to those in place for chemical agents and other contaminants. A book whose time has come, Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment equips environmental and public health professionals with the knowledge and skills they need to comply with the rapidly growing demand for quantitative risk testing of infectious agents.

Authored by an interdisciplinary team of experts from the fields of environmental engineering, marine science, and soil and water science, this is the first comprehensive guide to state-of-the-art quantitative microbial risk assessment methods. It provides you with:
* Exhaustive coverage of potential infectious agents and their modes of transmission.
* Systematic presentations of quantitative risk, hazard, and exposure assessment techniques.
* Numerous worked examples throughout the book.
* Fascinating case studies illustrating the application of quantitative methods to various situations.

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment is an important working resource for professionals in the fields of environmental health, environmental engineering, public health, and microbiology. It is also an excellent graduate-level text for students of those disciplines.

Customer Reviews:

A wonderful book!.......2002-04-26

This is a very practical book dealing with quantitative aspects of microbial risk assessment. Nicely written and very useful!

A unique contribution to risk assessment.......1999-11-27

This book synthesizes diverse materials from microbiology, statistics, and risk assessment, covers applications to water, food and other exposures to infectious pathogens

Health Impact Assessment: Concepts, theory, techniques and applications (Oxford Medical Publications)

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Health Impact Assessment: Concepts, theory, techniques and applications (Oxford Medical Publications)
John, Ed. Kemm
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0198526296

Book Description

Health effects are often overlooked when planning development projects ranging from new runways at major airport sites to developing water supply systems to improve sanitation. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is the assessment of the health effects, positive or negative, of a project, programme, or policy. It is therefore concerned with the health of populations and attempts to predict the future consequences for health of decisions which have not yet been implemented. HIA is a new and growing field with numerous schools of thought and areas of controversy. This book is the first to give a comprehensive overview of the concepts, theory, techniques and applications of HIA to aid all those preparing projects or carrying out assessments. It draws on examples and thinking from many different disciplines and many parts of the world. It identifies the areas of agreement and the questions remaining unanswered. It maps a confused field and signposts possible directions for future progress. HIA is intended to help decision makers in all areas foresee the consequences of their decisions, to ensure the consequences are considered and reduce the risk of population health being damaged through some indirect and unintended consequence of a decision. This book is a practical handbook for those preparing the assessments be they epidemiologists, environmentalists, health economists or public health specialists as well as serving as a conceptual guide for policy makers, decision makers and planners at national and international level. This book will serve both as a reference for the established HIA practitioner and as an introduction for the novice.

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Survey of environmental epidemiology subjects

Topics In Environmental Epidemiology
KYLE STEENLAND
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0195095642

Book Description

A comprehensive survey of the epidemiology of common environmental exposures, this volume covers diet, water, particulates in outdoor air, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, environmental tobacco smoke, radon in homes, electromagnetic fields, and lead. Design and analysis issues, risk assessment and meta-analysis, and future directions in environmental epidemiology are also discussed. All chapters provide a review of the relevant literature as well as an overview of important methodologic issues, particularly exposure assessment and statistical methods. Most of these exposures are widespread and low-level, and are thought to increase the risk of chronic diseases that have many causes. Even though the disease risks due to these exposures may be low, the public health burden may be significant because large numbers of people are exposed. Such exposures are inherently difficult to detect via observational epidemiology. This book clarifies the problems and suggests ways to move forward. It will be useful to students and practitioners of public health, environmental health, and epidemiology.

Customer Reviews:

Survey of environmental epidemiology subjects.......2000-05-22

This book was assigned in my graduate level course in environmental epidemiology. Steenland and Savitz provide adequate introductory and background information for environmental epi and the rest of the chapters are written by experts in their respective fields.

Book Description

This is the first textbook to focus on environmental threats to child health. It will interest professionals and graduate students in public health, pediatrics, environmental health, epidemiology, and toxicology. The first three chapters provide overviews of key children's environmental health issues as well as the role of environmental epidemiology and risk assessment in child health protection. Overarching themes are the susceptibility of the rapidly developing fetus and infant to environmental toxicants, the importance of modifying factors(e.g. poverty, genetic traits, nutrition), the role of health outcome and exposure monitoring, uncertainties surrounding environmental exposure limits, and the importance of timely intervention. Later chapters address the health effects of metals, PCBs, dioxins, pesticides, hormonally active agents, radiation, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and water contaminants. In analyzing potential environmental hazards, the author addresses both biologic and epidemiologic evidence, including the likelihood of causal relationships. Among the health outcomes he discusses are developmental, reproductive, and neurobehavioral effects, respiratory disease, cancer, and waterborne infectious diseases. These discussions cover environmental exposure sources/indicators, interventions, and standards, and conclude with a summary of calls for an improved science base to guide public health decisions and protect child health.

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Air Pollution And Health
Stephen T., Ed. Holgate
Manufacturer: Academic Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0123523354

Book Description

Concern about the impact of air pollution has led governments and local authorities across the world to regulate, among other things, the burning of fossil fuels, industrial effluence, cigarette smoke, and aerosols. This legislation has often followed dramatic findings about the impact of pollution on human health. At the same time there have been significant developments in our ability to detect and quantify pollutants and a proliferation of urban and rural air pollution networks to monitor levels of atmospheric contamination.
Air Pollution and Health is the first fully comprehensive and current account of air pollution science and it impact on human health. It ranges in scope from meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and particle physics to the causes and scope of allergic reactions and respiratory, cardiovascular, and related disorders. The book has substantial international coverage and includes sections on cost implications, risk assessment, regulation, standards, and information networks. The multidisciplinary approach and the wide range of issues covered makes this an essential book for all concerned with monitoring and regulating air pollution as well as those concerned with its impact on human health.

Key Features
* Only comprehensive text covering all the important air pollutants and relating these to human health and regulatory bodies
* Brings together a wide range of issues concerning air pollution in an easily accessible format
* Contributions from government agencies in the US and UK provide information on public policy and resource networks in the areas of health promotion and environmental protection

Building Healthy Communities in Environmental Justice Areas

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You can't review your own book
Author takes practical view of pollution, health links

Building Healthy Communities in Environmental Justice Areas
Janine M. Legg,. MBA
Manufacturer: BookSurge Publishing
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Book Description

Building Healthy Communities in Environmental Justice Areas (BHCEJA) is a biopsychosocial model with an environmental health component that proposes implementing social justice principles in government policy to decrease disparity. The application of BHCEJA, is implementation of evidenced based health and environmental policies to reduce community health disparities and environmental burden.

Customer Reviews:

You can't review your own book.......2006-04-28

Ms Legg. You can't review your own book and give it 5 stars. You can't review your own book by cutting and pasting an article by a news reporter. This review therefore provides a karmic counterweight to your self-review.

Author takes practical view of pollution, health links .......2006-03-17

Author takes practical view of pollution, health links
Evan Brandt, ebrandt@pottsmerc.com03/13/2006

The world is a complicated place and the interaction between the environment, what we put into it and what we take out if it, can be difficult to quantify or understand.

The world is a complicated place and the interaction between the environment, what we put into it and what we take out if it, can be difficult to quantify or understand.

This is particularly true for those who believe that pollution in our environment is having an impact on our health or that of our children -- both born and unborn.

Often, as has happened here in the greater Pottstown area, this belief is focused on a particular facility that is a known polluter.

The near-certainty with which activists, officials and concerned residents sometimes approach new proposals or public hearings -- certainty that a particular plant or pollutant is the cause of some harm -- is often undercut by a lack of cohesive scientific evidence. Despite study upon study and reams of circumstantial evidence, government regulators often seem reluctant to crack down on a polluter, or deny a controversial proposal, without rock-solid proof.

This can seem an even greater injustice in poor communities -- often called "environmental justice communities" -- that carry a disproportionate burden of the nation's polluters and which often struggle to successfully demonstrate harm from a particular proposal.

But Janine M. Legg. MBA, has a found a way -- instead of pushing for proof that does not yet exist, use the proof that's already out there.

A Phoenixville resident, environmental consultant and health advocate, Legg last month added "published author" to her list of professional accomplishments.

Also the vice chairman of Pennsylvania's Environmental Justice Advisory Board a position to which she was appointed by Kathleen McGinty, secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection -- Legg offers a step-by-step guide to focusing on the doable in her new book.

Although the book's title, "Building Healthy Communities in Environmental Justice Areas," doesn't exactly scream "summer blockbuster," it could end up being one of the more important books you've ever read if you suspect that pollution in your community is affecting your health or the health of your family.

The book takes a principled, logical approach to the bewildering array of studies, counter-intuitive statistics, symptoms and substances faced by those trying to prove the health and environment of stressed communities are threatened. Years of study have suggested plenty of links between pollution and illness, but few aren't challenged. But as Legg's book shows, often the few accepted proofs that do exist are enough.

"There is a body of research out there that is very confusing and very inconsistent," Legg said. "But you can look at the chemicals we do know produce the most risk and the facilities that emit those chemicals in the highest volume, and match those against health statistics where those facilities are located."

By matching existing data about emissions and the recognized dangerous substances within them with available statistics about things like infant mortality, low birth-weight, asthma and other tracked illnesses, it is often possible to demonstrate conclusively that a community is bearing an undue burden that may be linked to a particular facility, industry or combination.

"You can look through a lot of the accumulated statistics and figure out pretty quickly `Do I have a problem or don't I?'" said Legg.

Places where pollution problems exist are right here in Berks, Chester and Montgomery counties, which Legg's book identifies as "counties of concern." Although Philadelphia is the only county under that rubric that qualifies as an "environmental justice community," Legg's review of the data notes that Chester County has the highest risk for phosphorus releases.

While the data information the book contains is valuable, it is perhaps not nearly so valuable as the manner in which it lays out the steps a community, whether it be political leaders or grass-roots organizers, can take to understand whether their community is at risk.

Early reviews agree that the book can be useful.

Preety Gadhoke, MPH, of the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University, wrote that Legg's book "is a practical, interdisciplinary solution for health officials, policy makers and grassroots organizations to work as a cohesive unit with the singular goal of addressing the health care needs of high-risk communities."

"My advice to community is don't get hung-up on terms; the bottom line is you have some sick people and you need to do something about it," Legg said.

What to do, can be an equally daunting question, and again the book offers suggestions and a guide to making your community understand the risks it faces and the options it has for addressing those risks.

Legg cautions against blaming pollution for all of society's health problems. It's no secret that Americans are increasingly obese, get less exercise and indulge in any number of unhealthy habits, all of which carry a health risk.

"To say the environment is the only factor, that's simply not reasonable," she said.

"We know that if your child gets better nutrition, you lower his or her risk of getting lead poisoning," she said by way of example. "Why would you not do everything in your power to lower your child's risk?

"What the book is trying to achieve is a balance, the ability to look at these issues in a balanced manner," Legg said. "People need to understand they don't need to get power, they are already empowered. The information is out there, they just need to learn to use it."

©The Mercury 2006

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Environmental Epidemiology
Kopfler
Manufacturer: CRC
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0873710738

Book Description

This informative book is valuable to a broad spectrum of individuals active in the environmental and health sciences, including chemists, epidemiologists, and mathematics modelers, as well as those involved with measurement and effects of numerous kinds of drinking water contamination and both indoor and ambient air pollution. Environmental researchers involved with human exposure to toxic substances, regulators and administrators will also find this work of value.

Environmental Epidemiology And Risk Assessment (Industrial Health & Safety)

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Avoid the Book

Environmental Epidemiology And Risk Assessment (Industrial Health & Safety)
Tim Aldrich , Jack Griffith , and Christopher Cooke
Manufacturer: John Wiley & Sons
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0471290661

Book Description

Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment Tim Aldrich and Jack Griffith Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment addresses the historical development of environmental epidemiology, touching on recent sensationalized environmental tragedies such as Love Canal and Chernobyl. Understanding the importance that public opinion plays in the success or failure of any important regulatory decision involving human studies, the authors elaborate the issue of communicating scientific findings to the public. The authors have employed the material in this book while teaching graduate courses in epidemiology and in the application of field studies for environmentally related risk assessment. Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment is convenient for students to use in independent study, while instructors can use it as a reference and background source for classroom lectures. Each chapter contains a list of specific learning objectives, a detailed narrative including illustrations and case histories, and instructive assignments. The authors have also provided a list of recommended reading which complements the extensive bibliography and selected glossaries. This comprehensive text provides state-of-the-art instruction in the methodologic considerations with the design and conduct of environmental epidemiologic studies. The authors discuss disease mechanisms, the study of disease clusters, and surveillance techniques as these topics relate to environmental epidemiology. Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment is a compilation of over thirty years of practical experience, university and public agency instruction, federal agency experiences, and community investigations, bringing together disparate scientific disciplines and offering the most comprehensive compendium of information to be found on the subject. Although this book serves as a reference text for trained epidemiologists, it places considerably more emphasis than is commonly found in epidemiologic texts on exposure monitoring, the use of biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, laboratory practices for environmental sampling, risk assessment, risk management, and environmental law. This "how to" book is an invaluable source for public health professionals with limited didactic training in epidemiology, but with interests and professional responsibilities that require a working understanding of the discipline.

Customer Reviews:

Avoid the Book.......2003-08-11

Avoid this book at all cost -- including the $$$ the publisher is asking for it. It is one of the poorly written textbooks I have ever encountered. I gave up after reading the first 60 pages. They were enough to convince me that the book is dated (published in 2002 but no citations dated after 1990). But much worse is the terrible stream-of-consciousness writing "style."

Evidently, the principal authors recognized that they needed help, so they list an editorial assitant on the title page. But that assistant must not have seen the manuscript, or he would not have let through such howlers as "... it carry's (sic) with it the probability ...". Or how about the list of criteria for causal inference (pages 54-56). It consists of one non sequitur after another.

And if all of this isn't bad enough, the brief discussion of statistical methods in Chapter 3 should demonstrate that the authors are clueless about basic biostatistics.

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