Why Birds Sing: A Journey Through the Mystery of Bird Song

Book Description

A beautiful and surprising exploration of a phenomenon that's at once familiar and baffling: the mystery of why birds sing

The astonishing variety and richness of bird song is both an aesthetic and a scientific mystery. Biologists have never been able to understand why bird song displays are often so inventive and why so many species devote so many hours to singing. The standard explanations, which generally have to do with territoriality and sexual display, don't begin to account for the astonishing variety and energy that the commonest birds exhibit. Is it possible that birds sing because they like to? This seemingly na•ve explanation is starting to look more and more like the truth.

In the tradition of classic works by Bernd Heinrich, Edward Abbey, and Terry Tempest Williams, Why Birds Sing is a lyric exploration of bird song that blends the latest scientific research with a deep understanding of musical beauty and form. Based on conversations with neuroscientists, ecologists, and composers, it is the first book to investigate why birds sing and how, and what effect their music has on other animals-particularly humans. Whether playing the clarinet with the white-crested laughing thrush in Pittsburgh, or jamming in the Australian winter breeding grounds of the Albert's lyrebird, Rothenberg journeys to the heart and soul of bird song. Why Birds Sing offers an intimate look at the most lovely of natural phenomena-with surprising insights about the origin of music.

Customer Reviews:

The solace of song.......2006-08-21

David Rothenberg's lovely book, WHY BIRDS SING: A Journey Through
The Mystery of Bird Song, is an impressive achievement. The subject is fully researched, totally accessible, often fascinating, and always moving. I have long found that the wonder of bird song can bring profound solace to a troubled
spirit. Mr. Rothenberg's study completely validates my belief.

Uninspiring.......2006-07-28

With such an inspiring subject this should have been great book, but it's not. Reading this book was like watching a lava lamp - moving (turning pages) but going nowhere. I only read 40 pages before I couldn't bring myself to pick it up again. Good writing grabs you and compels you to continue - this doesn't. Singing birds are inspiring - this book isn't. The CD that came with it closed the lid on the coffin for me. The birds aren't allowed to star here but the author himself. He fails to communicate with the birds who provide great motifs for improvisation - only recall one time on the CD where the author generated a musical idea based on the bird songs. The book and CD are pretentious.

Tuneful, if not an aria........2006-07-17

In this slightly meandering but sincere book, musician and philosopher Rothenberg shows us that there are qualities to birdsong that transcend what science can tell us. Part of that transcendence is their emotional involvement with their songs, and Rothenberg can be counted among earlier authorities--including Len Howard, Charles Hartshorne, and Alexander Skutch--who believe that birds enjoy singing. His enthusiasm is most apparent when the discussion turns to music, and as an amateur musician I also enjoyed perusing the musical scores and sonograms of various feathered songsters.

Rothenberg hits the mark with his observation that "bird songs are a genuine challenge to the conceit that humanity is needed to find beauty in the natural world." Another conceit is the disturbing laboratory experiments he describes, in which singing birds have their brains pierced by wire electrodes and are later killed for dissection.

Readers get a bonus CD of the author's music with birdsong and other nature sounds.

It's all about him.......2005-12-12

Steer clear of this pretentious unscientific book. It is an exercise in self-promotion for a mediocre musician who is using the subject of birdsong to effuse about the "wonders of nature" (and himself). There are much better books on this subject -- get "The Singing Life of Birds" by Donald Kroodsma instead.

Puts bird song stage center for musicians and all of us.......2005-06-23

I really enjoyed it. And it is so full of goodies. Best for me is that not since Schafer's Tuning of the World has the whole complex of natural sound and the composer been put back up where it belongs, stage almost center. Mulling over the whole business, I just thought an alternate title might be: "what should humans sing?" And next most useful advice, to paraphrase you: "Take a tip from the Mockingbird." There's enough chock full in both those snippets to keep me creatively scratching my head.

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Excellent introduction to the fascinating study of birdsong
Birdsong, A Natural history
Great book: quick read, captivating, and fascinating
The Birds do It; Let's Do It
Travels With Birders

Birdsong: A Natural History
Don Stap
Manufacturer: Scribner
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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The Singing Life of Birds: The Art and Science of Listening to Birdsong
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ASIN: 0743232747

Book Description

Following one of the world's experts on birdsong from the woods of Martha's Vineyard to the tropical forests of Central America, Don Stap brings to life the quest to unravel an ancient mystery: Why do birds sing and what do their songs mean? We quickly discover that one question leads to another. Why does the chestnut-sided warbler sing one song before dawn and another after sunrise? Why does the brown thrasher have a repertoire of two thousand songs when the chipping sparrow has only one? And how is the hermit thrush able to sing a duet with itself, producing two sounds simultaneously to create its beautiful, flutelike melody?

Stap's lucid prose distills the complexities of the study of birdsong and unveils a remarkable discovery that sheds light on the mystery of mysteries: why young birds in the suborder oscines -- the "true songbirds" -- learn their songs but the closely related suboscines are born with their songs genetically encoded. As the story unfolds, Stap contemplates our enduring fascination with birdsong, from ancient pictographs and early Greek soothsayers, who knew that bird calls represented the voices of the gods, to the story of Mozart's pet starling.

In a modern, noisy world, it is increasingly difficult to hear those voices of the gods. Exploring birdsong takes us to that rare place -- in danger of disappearing forever -- where one hears only the planet's oldest music.

Customer Reviews:

Excellent introduction to the fascinating study of birdsong .......2007-06-23

_Birdsong_ by Don Stap is an introduction to the amazing world of how and why birds sing the way they do, often centering on the author following world-renown birdsong expert University of Massachusetts professor of biology Don Kroodsma around the country and in the rain forest of Central America. Also covered are the history and science of the study of birdsong (part of a field called bioacoustics), the invention of the audiospectrograph or sonograph, and details of the first birdsong laboratory studies.

Songs are "typically an elaborate series of notes, often musical to our ear" and are almost exclusively delivered by the male of a species, usually repeatedly for long periods of time. In contrast calls are simple, brief vocalizations made by both sexes to "influence behavior in particular contexts" (whether it be nestlings begging for food or geese honking in flight to coordinate flock movement).

Singing birds are all members of the order Passeriformes, which accounts for roughly 5,500 of the world's 9,000 species of birds. Specifically, "songbirds" are of one of the two suborders of Passeriformes and are collectively called oscines, a group of 4,500-plus species that includes many familiar species such as jays, tanagers, orioles, thrushes, vireos, and warblers. What separates the oscines from every other bird (and indeed, just about every animal on the planet except for some cetaceans) is that most creatures are born with their vocalizations genetically encoded. Essentially, even if they were born deaf they would still vocalize as other members of their species would. Oscines though learn to sing in a manner not unlike how children learn to speak. They listen to adults and practice what they hear until they can repeat it.

Research has shown that songbirds learn their songs in stages. Young bird hear their species song(s) while still in the nest and memorize it an early age even though they make no immediate attempts to vocalize themselves. Experiments in the lab have shown that songbirds are born with an "innate species song template;" they understand instinctively which sounds to memorize and ignore the songs of other bird species.

Soon after a bird is fledged, its first attempts at producing sound amount to little more than "incoherent babbling," a type of vocalization called a subsong, which contains many of the proper sounds of their species song, just not in the right order and likely incomplete. Birds generally stop their subsongs by the end of the summer of the bird's first year, remaining silent until late winter when it resumes practicing once again, producing what is called a plastic song, a rough version of its species song. By spring this has been perfected into the full song. Some species continue to learn variations of their species' song, adopting elements from other birds they encounter, while mimics like mockingbirds and starlings go on learning their entire lives.

Birdsongs and singing behavior can vary in one of two ways, in terms of dialect and repertoire. A bird's repertoire is how many different songs it sings, while dialects are geographically-based variations that occur among individuals of the same species.

The numbers of songs a species has varies considerably. Many species such as chipping sparrows, indigo buntings, and black-capped chickadees sing only one song. The American redstart can sing anywhere from 1 to 8 songs, the eastern towhee 3 to 8, and the cardinal 8 to 12. Some species have huge repertoires; the wood thrush, 20 songs; the Carolina wren, 40; the robin, 100 or more; the sedge wren, 300 to 400 songs; and the brown thrasher, 2,000 or more. Generally among species with repertoires, one song is sung most frequently and the others are sung with varying degrees of frequency, often in varying order.

Geographic variation in oscine species song can be quite sharp, as with the white-crowned sparrow, which has strong variations in its species song in populations only a kilometer apart, though more commonly it is gradual, as with the Carolina wren, whose song gradually slows over its range south from Ohio to Florida. Dialects are a result of a young bird learning elements of its song from the birds in the area where it establishes itself as an adult. While it learned the basics of its song from its father, the bird makes adjustments after listening to adults in the area it has chosen.

Interestingly, researchers have speculated that among many species there appears to be little or no gene flow across dialect boundaries, trapping birds "on vocal desert islands," with birds of one dialect only breeding with each other, a fact that may promote speciation and explain why songbirds are the most diverse and numerous birds on the planet.

Kroodsma has been a pioneer in studying birdsong in suboscines, a group of birds that is much neglected in the field of bioacoustics. They are the other suborder of Passeriformes and comprise about a thousand species, represented in North America by only a few species of flycatchers but much more common in the tropical Americas, comprising nearly a thousand species of flycatchers, antbirds, antwrens, woodcreepers, and others.

In contrast to oscines, their innate songs are the same from one area to the next; the alder flycatcher's song is the same from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Once early research showed that their generally simple and unmusical songs were genetically encoded and not learned, they were not much researched. Kroodsma felt them unfairly neglected, in large part because the difficulties of fieldwork in tropical forests were a huge disincentive, as well as the fact that far fewer biologists worked in the tropics and there was a language barrier to contend with.

Stap covered in detail Kroodsma's studies of the three-wattled bellbird in Central America, a brilliantly-colored suboscine with a distinctive song. First coming across anecdotal evidence that the bellbird had not only three different dialects but that it also in fact learned its songs, which, if confirmed, would be an amazing discovery; Kroodsma undertook a study of these birds.

Birdsong, A Natural history.......2007-04-22

An excellent book combining factual science with stories from the field, revealing what is known and yet to be
learned about the wide world of birdsong. Well enough written to appeal to any reader in any walk of life.

Great book: quick read, captivating, and fascinating.......2007-01-15

I found this book to be quite captivating and well-written: fun and easy to read. The author does a good job of communicating his passion for the subject. He weaves a dense narrative including personal stories and anecdotes, basic facts, and discussion of scientific research. The book is a bit of a hodge-podge, and doesn't exactly have a clear beginning, direction, or conclusion, but in many respects, this is reflective of the nature of birdwatching, the study of bird song, and perhaps the nature of bird song itself.

I think anyone with a serious to casual interest in birds or bird song will find this a must-read. It's a quick read, but it contains a lot of interesting and sometimes deep information about a fascinating subject

The Birds do It; Let's Do It.......2006-05-24

This is a slightly dry, matter-of-fact account of the work of an ardent, academic birdwatcher specializing in Bewick wrens and bellbirds. The author, Don Stap, followed master birder Don Kroodsma off-and-on for ten years as he made his precise accounting of these birds.

There are some sections of the book that give you a feel for what it is really like on the ground, going to often remote, politically troubled locations in an attempt to sight birds. We hear about the difficulties of hooking up with a promised guide in Nicaragua, and the ways in which the team had to rough it failing all amenities. But it seems the birders must have had many more adventures along the way that would have made for really lively reading. I would think you could get a sit-com/drama series of personality conflicts, mishaps, and enlightening nature lore out of these expeditions into the wild. However there isn't quite the necessary narrative flow here, nor the eye for humorous detail, to bring this out.

Nevertheless, this is a worthwhile book. You will learn a lot about banding birds and distinguishing their calls. You will learn a lot about patience and standing still. You will meet birds in their native setting. You will also learn about some of the academic squabbles endemic to the profession, and how much birdwatching is NOT like going out into a primal Eden of harmony and grace.

Most important of all though, this book will alert you to the existence of the Macauley Library of Natural Sounds at Cornell, a repository of nature recordings made by amateurs and professionals from the days of Edison's invention of the recording machine up to the present. In spite of this long history of collecting sounds, there is still a lot more to be collected. Stap assures the reader that it would be possible to go out in your garden tomorrow with a recorder and to capture the sound of some species that has never before been captured on record. So you could make your own contribution to Macauley.

This book demonstrates how much birdwatching can be an activity everyone can enjoy.

Travels With Birders.......2005-06-30

In his excellent earlier book, Parrot Without a Name, Don Stap traveled with John O'Neill and Ted Parker to Peru to find rare birds. In his new book, Birdsong, he travels with two experts of avian bioacoustics, Don Kroodsma and Greg Budney to hear rare birds. This is a book about bird song (how and why birds sing), however, I also found his portrayal of the two individual scientists fascinating. Although they come from different backgrounds and training, these two men approach bird song with equal passion.

This book takes the reader on an inside tour of the hurdles and obstacles that avian scientists face. Kroosdma, Professor Emeritus of Biology at the University of Massachusetts, is a very thorough scientist who questions conventional thinking. For example, Kroodsma was surprised to hear the bellbird singing three different songs in different regions of Costa Rica. Going against conventional scientific thinking, he suspected that this suboscine bird learned its song (which accounted for the regional variations), which suboscines aren't supposed to do. Rather, they are believed to be born knowing their songs. Stap follows Kroosdma around recording the bellbird to gather evidence to counter the prevailing theory. But even with recordings and considerable scientific evidence, he still was not able to convince a major foundation to fund the study.

Stap also follows Greg Budney, Curator of the Macaulay Library of Natural Sounds at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, during a sound recording workshop. Don joins other workshop participants to learn how Greg records bird songs for the Lab, explaining how far Greg will go to get a good recording. While working with Ted Parker, Greg fell into a spiny palm tree and got needlelike thorns jammed into his hand. After using razor blades to remove them, he went right back to recording. On that trip Ted Parker told him, "You've got to get out there and record the birds while they are there, before the forests are cut down." Greg takes this statement seriously, and recruits people at his sound recording workshops to help in this conservation effort. Budney's enthusiasm convinces every participant that he might record something never before captured on tape. Greg's passion for birdsong and conservation are contagious, and Stap's writing is so compelling, you feel you are standing in the field with the participants struggling to get a good recording of a bird.

In this book, Birdsong, Don Stap describes his travels with two of the best scientists in the field, making it sound like great science and great fun. As I closed the last page, I wondered which ornithologists he will pick to accompany for his next book. Whoever it is, you can bet it will be worth the trip.

Bird Sounds: How and Why Birds Sing, Call, Chatter, and Screech

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Bird Sounds: How and Why Birds Sing, Call, Chatter, and Screech
Barry Kent MacKay
Manufacturer: Stackpole Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Finding Your Way Without Map or Compass
Animal Tracking Basics
Tracking--Signs of Man, Signs of Hope: A Systematic Approach to the Art and Science of Tracking Humans
Tracking and the Art of Seeing: How to Read Animal Tracks and Sign
Bird Song Ear Training Guide: Who Cooks for Poor Sam Peabody? Learn to Recognize the Songs of Birds from the Midwest and Northeast States

ASIN: 0811727874

Book Description

A thorough and engaging examination of the variety of sounds birds make, from the familiar singing of songbirds and the hammering of woodpeckers to the harsh cacklings of crows. The how's and why's of bird vocalization, regional variation and speciation, and communication among species are discussed. Describes both native and exotic bird behavior and includes the latest research-all illustrated with full-color paintings by the author.

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Around the world with the birds
10

Birdsong
Audrey Wood
Manufacturer: Voyager Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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The Rainbow Bridge
King Bidgood's in the Bathtub: Book and Musical CD (Caldecott Honor Books)
The Little Mouse, The Red Ripe Strawberry, and The Big Hungry Bear

ASIN: 0152024190

Book Description

Awaken to wild birdsong with children from all across the United States
Award winners Audrey Wood and Robert Florczak introduce eighteen North American bird species-from the northern cardinal and red-tailed hawk to the black-capped chickadee and American crow--to inspire a new generation of birding enthusiasts.

Customer Reviews:

Around the world with the birds.......2004-06-08

This is one gorgeous book! It covers an unusual topic--bird songs, in a beautiful way. Each bird is drawn in a different geographical setting, accompanied by a different child, so it is also a multicultural experience. Plus it is sumptiously illustrated. It is one of the best bird books that covers birdsong for young readers that I have ever seen, and I've been looking/teaching for 20 years.

10.......1997-12-24

Not only is this book beautifully illustrated, it will also take your child on a journey through the seasons all in one day. They will be able to wake with the calls of crows and go to sleep to the hoots of an owl. I highly recommend this book to all young readers especially if they love birds and their birdsongs.

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Birdsong: A Natural History
Don Stap
Manufacturer: Random House
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: 1419339656

Product Description

From Publishers Weekly: The field of avian bio-acoustics has dragged birdsong from the domain of poets into the realm of the hard sciences. English professor Stap (A Parrot Without a Name) explores it through this engaging profile of ornithologist Don Kroodsma and his pioneering field studies of birdsong in the wild. Birdsongs are learned rather than instinctual (the brown thrasher has a repertoire of 2,ooo songs), and Stap delves into the complex processes by which birds acquire them, the individual idiosyncrasies and regional dialects that color them, and the mating behaviors and territorial antagonisms they regulate. As he tramps along with ornithologists through the predawn woods in search of early-rising songbirds, Stap crafts an absorbing account of the scientific process itselfof the meticulous, often obsessive lengths to which Kroodsma and his colleagues go to record and analyze these evanescent melodies, and of the bitter methodological controversies between field ornithologists and scientists who prefer controlled but perhaps misleadingly artificial experiments in the laboratory. A lucidly written combination of scientific lore and vivid reportage, the book is a thoughtful treatment of one of nature's most beguiling phenomena. Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

The calls and associated behavior of breeding Willow Ptarmigan in Canada.: An article from: Wilson Bulletin

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The calls and associated behavior of breeding Willow Ptarmigan in Canada.: An article from: Wilson Bulletin
Kathy Martin , Andrew G. Horn , and Susan J. Hannon
Manufacturer: Wilson Ornithological Society
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Wilson Bulletin, published by Wilson Ornithological Society on September 1, 1995. The length of the article is 5026 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: We describe the physical structure, use, and possible functions of 11 calls of breeding Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus), most of which were given by both sexes. Both sexes had visually and acoustically conspicuous territorial calls (flight song, rattle, "kohwa," and "aroo" (males only). "Koks," "ko-ko-ko," and "krrow" were given by both sexes as low intensity threat, territorial, or sexual situations, or to maintain contact with the mate or offspring. "Purr" and "moan" were given usually by females to communicate with chicks, and "hiss" and "scream" calls by both sexes in intense defence of offspring or mates. The sex of the caller was usually easily recognizable, as males had strong and rapid amplitude modulations in their calls, which females lacked. The most complex calls were flight songs which consisted of several calls in sequence. Unlike other nonpasserines, Willow Ptarmigan do not appear to have a repertoire of calls that are graded variants of one another. Calls of North American populations of Willow Ptarmigan appear similar to those of European populations.

Citation Details
Title: The calls and associated behavior of breeding Willow Ptarmigan in Canada.
Author: Kathy Martin
Publication: Wilson Bulletin (Refereed)
Date: September 1, 1995
Publisher: Wilson Ornithological Society
Volume: v107 Issue: n3 Page: p496(14)

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A NEW SPECIES OF FLYCATCHER (TYRANNIDAE: MYIOPAGIS) FROM EASTERN ECUADOR AND EASTERN PERU.: An article from: Wilson Bulletin

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A NEW SPECIES OF FLYCATCHER (TYRANNIDAE: MYIOPAGIS) FROM EASTERN ECUADOR AND EASTERN PERU.: An article from: Wilson Bulletin
Paul Coopmans , and Niels Krabbe
Manufacturer: Wilson Ornithological Society
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Wilson Bulletin, published by Wilson Ornithological Society on September 1, 2000. The length of the article is 3389 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: A NEW SPECIES OF FLYCATCHER (TYRANNIDAE: MYIOPAGIS) FROM EASTERN ECUADOR AND EASTERN PERU.
Author: Paul Coopmans
Publication: Wilson Bulletin (Refereed)
Date: September 1, 2000
Publisher: Wilson Ornithological Society
Volume: 112 Issue: 3 Page: 305

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Uniformity of Long-tailed Manakin songs from three localities in Costa Rica. (Short Communications).: An article from: Wilson Bulletin

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Uniformity of Long-tailed Manakin songs from three localities in Costa Rica. (Short Communications).: An article from: Wilson Bulletin
Jill M. Trainer , and Ryan J. Parsons
Manufacturer: Wilson Ornithological Society
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Wilson Bulletin, published by Wilson Ornithological Society on December 1, 2001. The length of the article is 1832 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Microgeographic variation in song is a well-documented consequence of song learning in many songbirds, but the relationship between song variation and development in the suboscines is poorly understood. Because learning appears to play a role in song development in Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis), we wanted to find out whether they also exhibit microgeographic variation in song. We compared songs of Long-tailed Manakins from three localities in Costa Rica using multivariate analysis of variance and canonical discriminant analysis of five song variables. Differences among localities were not significant, and songs from the same localities did not cluster together in a canonical plot. This finding is similar to those observed in suboscine flycatchers whose songs are innate.

Citation Details
Title: Uniformity of Long-tailed Manakin songs from three localities in Costa Rica. (Short Communications).
Author: Jill M. Trainer
Publication: Wilson Bulletin (Refereed)
Date: December 1, 2001
Publisher: Wilson Ornithological Society
Volume: 113 Issue: 4 Page: 431(4)

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Country ramblings
Karen Birdsong Madorin
Manufacturer: s.n
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

Natural History | Nature & Ecology | Science | Subjects | Books
ASIN: B0006S6L68

Sympatry of red-breasted meadowlarks in Argentina, and the taxonomy of meadowlarks (Aves, Leistes, Pezites, and Sturnella) (American Museum novitates)

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Sympatry of red-breasted meadowlarks in Argentina, and the taxonomy of meadowlarks (Aves, Leistes, Pezites, and Sturnella) (American Museum novitates)
Lester L Short
Manufacturer: American Museum of Natural History
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

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ASIN: B0007I2IRI

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