The Guidebook to Membrane Desalination Technology : Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration and Hybrid Systems Process, Design, Applications and Economics

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$200 does not buy you an index

The Guidebook to Membrane Desalination Technology

The Guidebook to Membrane Desalination Technology : Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration and Hybrid Systems Process, Design, Applications and Economics
Mark Wilf; Leon Awerbuch; Craig Bartels; Mike Mickley; Graeme Pearce; Nikolay Voutchkov
Manufacturer: Balaban Publishers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Release Date: 2007-01-01

Product Description

This is a process and application guidebook that encompasses the latest state of the art of commercial membrane desalination technology. This unique book provides a thorough overview and understanding of the RO, NF, and hybrid system, all with a detailed discussion on how to apply, design and operate potable systems and how to evaluate project economics using innovative membrane technologies. A must-read for all project engineers, plant designers, planners, utility directors, and operation managers, involved in municipal and industrial membrane projects. Scientists and academics interested in membrane desalination will find in this guidebook an insight into latest trends in commercial membrane desalination technologies for potable water applications. A step by step approach to design, operation and cost evaluation of membrane systems is explained in simple practical terms, all backed up by sample process calculations and case studies. The following major subjects are covered: Principles of membrane separation, RO/NF system configurations and system design parameters, Application of RO and nanofiltration technology in wastewater reclamation plants, Cost estimation and planning process of membrane desalination projects, Concentrate disposal, Hybrid systems. The contributors to the book are well known professionals in the desalination field with extensive involvement in research and development of membrane products and desalination processes. The book contents reflect their R&D work and experience in design, procurement and operation of numerous membrane systems

Customer Reviews:

$200 does not buy you an index.......2007-10-01

A $200 professional book with no index. The writing is poorly edited, and at times the book reads like a series of glorified powerpoints.

The Guidebook to Membrane Desalination Technology .......2007-07-06

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Introduction to Reverse Osmosis--Basic Terms
2.1 Water Salinity--Concentration Units
2.2 The Osmotic Process
2.3 Permeate Recovery
2.4 Average Feed Salinity
2.5 Net Driving Pressure
2.6 Salt-Water Separation in Reverse Osmosis Process
2.7 Water Transport
2.8 Salt Transport
2.9 Salt Passage and Salt Rejection
2.10 Temperature Effect on Transport Rate
2.11 Average Permeate Flux
2.12 Specific Permeability of a Membrane
2.13 Concentration Polarization

3. Commercial RO-NF Membrane Technology
3.1 Cellulose Acetate Membranes
3.2 Composite Polyamide Membranes

4. Membrane Module Configurations
4.1 Plate and Frame Membrane Elements
4.2 Hollow Fine Fiber Membrane Elements
4.3 Spiral Wound Membrane Elements
4.3.1 Spiral Wound Elements Categories

5. RO System Configuration
5.1 Membrane Assembly Unit
5.2 Concentrate Staging
5.3 Flow Distribution
5.4 Permeate Staging
5.5 Partial Two Pass Configuration

6. Calculation of System Performance
6.1 Manual Method of Membrane System Performance Calculations
6.2 Use of Computer Programs for Projection of Membrane Performance

7. Normalization of System Performance

8. Feed Water Supply Systems and Pretreatment
8.1 Well Water
8.2 Surface Water
8.2.1 Raw Water Intake and Concentrate Discharge
8.2.2 Conventional Filtration Pretreatment
8.2.3 Membrane Filtration Pretreatment (by Graeme Pearce)

9. Chemical Stabilization of Permeate

10. RO/NF System Design Parameters
10.1 Feed Water Types
10.2 Feed Water Composition
10.3 Feed Water Temperature
10.4 Sparingly Soluble Constituents
10.5 Particulate Matter
10.6 Organic Matter
10.7 Biofouling
10.8 Permeate Recovery Ratio
10.9 Permeate Flux Rate
10.10 Membrane Age

11. RO/NF System Design
11.1 System Design Guidelines
11.2 The Design Process of RO/NF System
11.2.1 Site and Feed Water Supply
11.2.2 Selection of Pretreatment Process
11.2.3 Energy Consumption of RO Process
11.2.4 Pumping Equipment for RO Applications
11.2.5 Optimization of Energy Consumption
11.2.6 Configuration of RO Trains
11.2.7 Control and Monitoring System
11.2.8 Permeate Processing
11.3 Special Design Cases
11.3.1 Achieving Low Boron Limits with Seawater RO Technology
11.3.2 Nitrate Reduction with Brackish RO Membranes

12. System Design Verification through Operation of a Pilot Unit

13. System Commissioning

14. System Operation

15. Membrane Fouling and Performance Restoration
15.1 Membrane Elements Fouling Process
15.2 Performance Restoration

16. Nanofiltration Technology and Applications
16.1 Nanofiltration Overview
16.2 Nanofiltration Membrane Characteristics
16.2.1 Membrane Types
16.2.2 Separation Mechanism
16.2.3 Membrane Properties
16.3 Nanofiltration Process Consideration
16.3.1 Pretreatment Requirements
16.3.2 Process Design Features
16.4 Nanofiltration Applications
16.4.1 Potable Water
16.4.2 Industrial Process Fluid Purifications
16.4.3 Other Applications
16.5 Conclusions

17. Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation by RO and NF Process
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Background
17.3 Membrane Selection
17.4 Wastewater Reclamation Process Design
17.4.1 Permeate Flux Rate
17.4.2 Biofouling Control
17.4.3 Recovery Rate
17.5 Commercial Plant Data and Design
17.5.1 Singapore Wastewater Treatment Plants
17.5.2 Southern California Wastewater Treatment Plants
17.6 Operating Cost Advantages
17.7 Other Wastewater Treatment Applications
17.8 Conclusions
17.9 Acknowledgements

18. Budgeting of Membrane Desalination Projects
18.1 Overview of Desalination Cost Estimating Procedure and Practices
18.1.1 Project Cost Definitions
18.1.2 Definition of Capital Costs
18.1.3 Definition of Operating and Maintenance Costs
18.1.4 Definition of Cost of Water
18.2 Key Factors Influencing Water Cost
18.2.1 Cost Factors within the Control of the Plant Owner
18.2.2 Project Risk Profile
18.2.3 Project Delivery and Financing Methods
18.2.4 Other Project Cost Factors
18.2.5 Cost Factors Beyond the Control of the Plant Owner
18.3 Types and Accuracy of Project Cost Estimates
18.3.1 Conceptual Cost Estimate
18.3.2 Preliminary Cost Estimate
18.3.3 Budgetary Cost Estimate
18.3.4 Detailed Cost Estimate
18.3.5 Cost Models
18.4 Preparation for Project Budgeting
18.5 Project Cost Estimation and Analysis
18.5.1 Capital Costs
16.5.1.1 Construction Costs
18.5.1.2 Costs for Project Engineering Services
18.5.1.3 Project Development Costs
18.5.1.4 Project Financing Costs
18.5.2 Operation and Maintenance Costs
18.5.3 Waste Stream Disposal
18.5.5 Environmental and Performance Monitoring
18.5.5 Indirect O&M Costs
18.6 Cost of Water
18.6.1 Fixed Components of Water Cost
18.6.2 Other Fixed Costs
18.6.3 Variable Components of Water Cost
18.7 Trends of Water Cost
18.8 Project Implementation
18.8.1 Project Delivery Alternatives
18.8.2 Design-Bid-Build (DBB)
18.8.3 Design-Build-Operate (DBO)
18.8.4 Built-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT)
18.9 Project Schedule

19. RO Concentrate Management
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Nature of Concentrate
19.3 Concentrate Management Options
19.4 Traditional Concentrate Disposal Options
19.5 Concentrate Disposal Challenges
19.6 Consideration of Concentrate Management Options
19.6.1 Beneficial Use
19.6.2 Volume Reduction
19.6.3 Zero Liquid Discharge
19.7 Seawater Desalination Discharge
19.8 Nanofiltration Concentrate Disposal
19.9 Other Topics Related to Concentrate Disposal
19.9.1 Presence of Contaminants
19.9.2 Major Ion Toxicity

20. Hybrid Systems and Technology
20.1 Introduction to Hybrid Desalination Systems
20.2 Distillation Desalination Methods
20.3 Description of Hybrid Systems
20.4 Hybrid--The New Alternative
20.4.1 The "Classic Scheme"
20.4.2 The "Classic Scheme" Variant
20.4.3 The Once-Through MSF Scheme
20.4.4 The "Duo-Cycle ROMED" Scheme
20.4.5 The Direct-Drive Steam Turbine Scheme
20.5 R&D Related to Improving Hybrid Systems
20.6 Quantifying the Benefits of the Hybrid SWRO/Thermal Plant Scheme in Cogeneration Stations
20.6.1 Savings Due to Reduce Seawater Requirements
20.6.2 RO Membrane Life
20.6.3 Membrane Performance as a Function of Seawater Temperature
20.6.4 Performance of Nanofiltration Membranes as a Function of Temperature
20.6.5 Savings Due to Control of SWRO Plant Feed Temperature
20.6.6 Savings Due to Blending SWRO and Distillation Plants' Products
20.6.7 Increased Recovery Ratio
20.6.8 Feedwater Deaeration
20.6.9 Hybrid Plant Cost Savings--Summary
20.7 Examples of Existing Hybrids
20.7.1 Jeddah Hybrid
20.7.2 Yanbu-Medina Hybrid
20.7.3 Fujairah Hybrid
20.7.4 Performance of the Fujairah Hybrid Plant
20.7.5 Overall Fujairah Conclusions
20.8 Hybrid Variations
20.8.1 Hybrid System Using Multi-Effect Distillation
20.9 Hybrid Using Nanofiltration-Membrane Softening
20.9.1 Nanofiltration Hybrid Background
20.9.2 Design Experience with Nanofiltration Hybrid for MSF
20.9.3 Design and Construction of the Commercial let NF Plant
20.9.4 Nanofiltration Hybrid Variations
20.10 Dual Purpose Facilities and Potential for Hybridization
20.11 Hybrid Systems Using Vapor Compression Distillation
20.12 Hybrid Systems Using MSF-MED
20.13 Hybrid Systems and Desalination Aquifer Storage Recovery (DASR)
20.14 Resources Conservation and Environmental Impacts of Various Hybrid Configurations
20.15 Hybridization Conclusions

References

Appendixes
A. Example of RO Membrane Units Configurations
B. Example of Desalination Plant Cost Estimate
C. Example of Feasibility Evaluation of RO Concentrate Disposal Alternatives
D. Units Conversion Table

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Excellent book! Good introduction to Membranes.

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