Book Description
In the wake of the defeat in Normandy in the summer of 1944, Hitler planned to stymie the Allied advance by cutting off Patton's Third Army in the Lorraine with a great Panzer offensive. But Patton's aggressive tactics continued to thwart German plans and led to a series of violent armored battles. The battle-hardened Wehrmacht confronted the better-equipped and better-trained US Army. The Germans managed to re-establish a fragile defensive line but could not stop the US Army from establishing bridgeheads over the Moselle along Germany's western frontier.
Customer Reviews:
Just what I was looking for.......2006-08-21
I bought this book to read on the airplane while flying to France for a visit in Lorraine. The book was an excellent summary of WWII progress in the area, including detailed maps and photographs of several towns I was visiting. Very well done.
Better Than Most.......2002-06-23
As Osprey Campaign series books go this is one of the best. The focus of the book is the blunting of the Nazi counter offensive by the Patton's 3rd Army. It is laid out in the traditional Ospery style and as always gives the reader a broad overview of the campaign.
What makes this book better than most is that it does not get lost in the details of the military movements. It does a fine job of explaining the whys and the hows. Not an easy thing in the limited space avaliable. The most interesting part of the book focus on the German commanders, fresh from the Russian front, fighting the American military with the same Eastern font tactics. As explained, the American use of artilery and close air support made the tactics a disaster.
Mechanized warfare in the European Theater.......2001-06-16
This little book gives an overview of a single campaign in France during 1944. It involved the liberation of the Lorraine area by Patton and his famous 4th Armored Division versus German armor expert von Manteuffel. The author, Steve Zaloga is a long-time student of armored combat in all areas. His expertise shows in this book as describing this campaign weaves the technical aspects of armor with the personalities of the commanders and the tactical situation. As with most Osprey "Campaign" series books there are chapters covering the larger picture, the opposing commanders, the forces involved and then looking at the actual campaign and significant engagements. At the end of the book are quick notes on touring the battlefield today and on creating wargame simiulations of the campaign. A quick and easy read, but packed with good historical information. Highly recommended for history buffs and armor fans.
A Good Campaign Summary.......2000-10-19
Steven J. Zaloga, the renowned expert on armored vehicles, has delivered a solid campaign synopsis of the battles fought in Lorraine between 5-29 September 1944. The campaign pitted General Patton's pursuing 3rd Army against the hastily-raised 5th Panzer Army under General Manteuffel and elements of the 1st Army. This campaign has received considerable attention in other far lengthier works, so this volume does not claim to break any new ground. However, it does offer a balanced account which covers all the key events and offers perspectives from both the American and German points of view.
As in all the Osprey Campaign series, the volume starts with a section on the opposing strategic plans. In assessing Allied strategy, Zaloga conforms to conventional wisdom in suggesting that if only Patton's 3rd Army in Lorraine had been accorded logistical priority in September 1944, then perhaps the year might have ended very differently. This is actually the voice of Patton glorifiers/Montgomery bashers. This conveniently ignores the logistic bottlenecks back at the beaches: even if Eisenhower had given Patton the bulk of available supplies, the Redball Express could not have supplied Patton very much further east at that time. The Allied armies were consuming vast quantities of fuel in their pursuit across France and they needed a deep-water port like Antwerp in September 1944 far more than a tenuous foothold across the Rhine. Finally, does anyone seriously believe that Patton's 3rd Army - which only had 8-10 divisions at the time - could have mounted a serious invasion of Germany with minimal support from the other Allied armies? Zaloga ignores the vast manpower and material resources that were still available to Hitler in September 1944. Despite widespread condemnation by many armchair strategists, Eisenhower's "Broad Front" strategy was the best course of action under the circumstances.
The section on commanders is a bit odd because the majority of the space is devoted to well-known higher-level commanders, including Hitler, Model, Bradley and Patton. The corps and below leaders who actually fought the battle are barely mentioned - the two US corps commanders receive one sentence each. Major General Wood, commander of the exemplary US 4th Armored Division, is barely mentioned anywhere in the text. Given the local nature of the armored battles in Lorraine, it is probably inappropriate to describe this series of actions as "Patton versus Manteuffel". These were battalion and brigade-level fights.
As expected from a technical expert, the sections on the opposing armies are quite good. In particular, Zaloga makes very good points about the US edge in battlefield communications. However, one major item lacking here is a discussion of tactical organizations: what did German armor battalions look like in comparison to their US counterparts, particularly in terms of scouting assets, support weapons and maintenance capability? As a former armor officer, I can attest that maintenance capability is much more critical in sustaining armored combat than is often appreciated. Unfortunately, Zaloga leaves this vital area blank and instead tells us that the Germans committed about 616 tanks and assault guns against 1,280 US tanks and tank destroyers.
The sections covering the actual campaign are quite good, starting with the destruction of the 106th Panzer Brigade on 8 September 1944 and progressing up to the final battles around Arracourt on 25-29 September. While the 3-D maps are quite good, the standard 2-D maps leave much to be desired since key phases of the battle are not depicted. There is no map depicting the German offensive that led up to the Arracourt battles, so it is difficult to determine how the Germans coordinated all their units. This tends to make it look like the panzer brigades were committed with support from other units.
The section on wargaming the battle is ridiculous as it usually is in Osprey books. With the availability of superb computer simulations of the Arracourt battles such as Talonsoft's WEST FRONT and OPERATIONAL ART OF WAR (which are never mentioned in this section on war gaming), it is absolutely ludicrous to read a discussion of a "war game" where the players "wear personal stereos, playing deafening music to recreate the effect of motor noise within the crew compartment. Players could also wear cardboard spectacles, with narrow slits to simulate the view through a periscope or vision port..." and so on. Please stop. Given the existence of Avalon Hill's SQUAD LEADER series and the Talonsoft products, which adequately cover the Arracourt battles, this section is a gross insult to serious wargamers.
Nevertheless, Zaloga's book is a useful campaign summary to keep on the bookshelf. Certainly the organization of the material is more interesting than the actual subject, for this overly-covered campaign was certainly not one of the epic struggles of the Second World War. The US 3rd Army was winded after a long pursuit and at the absolute limit of their logistical chain. Although beaten in Normandy, the Germans were starting to regroup but the Lorraine campaign offers one of the very few times in the Second World War that they fought poorly on the offense. Most of all, the strategic stakes were low in Lorraine. If the Germans won, they might have hurt 3rd Army a bit but they would probably only have bought themselves a few weeks respite. On the other hand, the US achieved a tactical victory but so what - the campaign still ended in stalemate for logistic reasons and the weather. This is a key factor ignored by Zaloga and most other writers on the Lorraine campaign: yes, the 3rd Army defeated the German spoiling attacks but how did this translate into a strategic success? The fact is that the strategic circumstances of September 1944 prohibited 3rd Army from inflicting a decisive defeat on the Whermacht, no matter how much tactical skill they demonstrated on the battlefield.
Book Description
In 1866 Richard Burton became British Consul in Santos, Brazil, and began scouting for the British Empire, with an eye for what would be useful and what would not. As always, Burton is colorful, opinionated, insightful, detailed (noting and recording innumerable ethnographic details), and highly entertaining. Two classic volumes in one book that cover the exploration of the fabulously rich mining region of Minas Gerais and canoeing down the entire 3,000 kilometer length of the previously uncharted Sao Francisco River to the Atlantic.
Product Description
This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of a 1869 edition by Tinsley Brothers, London.
Book Description
This Elibron Classics book is a facsimile reprint of a 1869 edition by Tinsley Brothers, London.
Book Description
This lively and original book offers a provocative critique of the dominant assumptions regarding human action and communication which underlie recent research in machine intelligence. Lucy Suchman argues that the planning model of interaction favoured by the majority of AI researchers does not take sufficient account of the situatedness of most human social behaviour. The problems that can arise as a result are pertinently, and often amusingly, illustrated by the careful analysis of a recorded interaction between novice users and an intelligent machine, whose design has failed to accommodate essential resources of successful human communication.
"Plans and Situated Actions" presents a compelling case for the re-examination of current models of underlying interface design. Lucy Suchman's proposals for a fresh characterization of human-computer interaction which also incorporates recent insights from the social sciences provides a challenge that everyone interested in machine intelligence will need seriously to consider.
Customer Reviews:
not for beginners or the faint of heart, but fundamental.......2006-12-31
Suchman's book is a classic (and about to be updated!), but that doesn't mean there aren't any caveats. Suchman's analysis is deep, her writing thick (incredibly terse, dense prose that may require a good dictionary), and her perspective is still controversial.
This book doesn't tell you how to "do" very much - it's not a step-by-step method book. This is a mix of theory and method that will force the engaged reader to reflect on his/her own work.
This book stands as perhaps the best example of a socio-cognitive analysis of technology, and is therefore correctly treated as fundamental in HCI and related fields. For a researcher who is interested in the relationship between technology and people, or technology and the world, this is a must-read. AI and HCI stumble into each other frequently, but this is a book for both audiences.
As for the debate of plans vs. situated action, well, to some extent I find it irrelevant. Suchman never claims that plans don't exist or are unimportant. Even if your work is completely plan-oriented - say, AI planning (e.g. path planning), you should read this book - it will challenge some of your assumptions, and force you to grapple with problems that exist when technology interacts with the world.
That having been said, this is not an introductory reader on HCI, AI, or any other topic. Suchman's terse language frustrates even some very intelligent grad students and PhD's, and again, this book is deep. It's a book that has challenged me as I've read and re-read it over the years, and I treasure it.
A classic work on the application of social science to HCI.......2006-05-10
This book is not for everyone. Suchman makes connections between AI, HCI and the sociological areas of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (EM/CA) - connections that have been very visible and influential in subsequent HCI and CSCW research. If you don't have any background in these sociological areas, it will take some work to read it.
That said, I think this book is reasonably accessible, and certainly more so than has been suggested by some reviewers. Suchman was writing to counter a prevalent mindset in the AI community of the time. Basically, Chapters 2 and 3 set up a technical and philosophical strawman (human action as the execution of plans), Chapters 4 and 5 provide an explanation of some necessary theoretical background, and the rest is an analysis of interaction in the context of these theories that serves to knock down the strawman. It's fairly hard to have a more clear and logical organization than that. There's no part of that organization that could be left out and still have the book make sense.
Furthermore, by comparison, the theoretical parts of this book should be easier for the uninitiated to read than are Garfinkel's writings on ethnomethodology (or most CA writings by almost anyone). They may or may not do justice to those ideas, but that's a separate question. And for someone with any background at all in these areas (though as suggested by other reviewers, this does not include a huge number of people), this book should be a very straightforward read.
The bottom line for me is that this book (like Paul Dourish's "Where the Action Is") is an interdisciplinary gem that has the potential to change how you think about how people approach technology. There aren't that many books for which that can be said.
Read only the last chapter and the conclusion........2003-02-05
If you do read it, read only the last chapter and the conclusion.
Summary:
Keep in mind that the title of the book is Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human Machine Communication. The majority of the book is the 'plans and situated actions' part.
The basic idea of the book is that humans don't really function using plans. Plans, as the author defines them, are something akin to diagrams for behavior, explicating specific activities. Instead, the author argues that humans behave based on 'situated actions'. Situated actions are, "the view that every course of action depends in essential ways upon its material and social circumstances. Rather than attempting to abstract action away from its circumstances and represent it as a rational plan, the approach is to study how people use their circumstances to achieve intelligent action." (p. 50).
In other words, people have a goal in mind. To achieve their goal, people may or may not set up a plan (the author discusses how this could be culturally relative, but I think this is a weak point in her argument because she doesn't really do a good job of distinguishing one type of plan from another), but what is important is that in trying to achieve their goal they are placed in situations that determine their actions. This could also be said: people behave in specific situations based upon the factors that affect the situation.
Let me give an example... Let's say your goal is to get to the dentist. You set up a 'plan' for getting to the dentist prior to leaving. Your plan would include a calculation of the time and the route and your mode of transportation. The situated action approach would say that you can only understand the individual's behavior in terms of their actions in specific situations. So you get in your car and on the way to the dentist's office you run into a detour due to construction. If you had to follow your plan, you couldn't make it to the dentist. But when you leave the road and find an alternate route, this behavior is only understood in terms of situated action. Does that explain it? Wow, and it only took me a few paragraphs.
The author discusses plans and situated actions in terms of conversations, cognitive science, ethnomethodology, and a whole bunch of other theoretical perspectives and technical jargon. In the end she finally gets to the human and machine communication. This is also where the book begins to get interesting. She studied how people interacted with copy machines that were trying to give people instructions. Her studies, undoubtedly helped the people at Xerox figure out ways to improve their copy machines and instructions for them. Like I said above, the last chapter and the conclusion are the most interesting parts of the book. Skip the rest and read them.
My Comments:
For someone so concerned with understanding how people communicate this book is horribly written and nearly unintelligible. The first six chapters are theory and examples of the theory that are completely unrelated to machines. The book finally gets to human and machine interaction after nearly one hundred pages of inchoate theory. And the human and machine interaction stuff isn't really all that interesting - especially since it predates the 1990s, is talking about interaction with copying machines, and has nothing to do with computers.
The author should have chosen a specific approach and then stuck to it. Perhaps she could have tripled the length of the book and gave clear and understandable explanations of the theories (though I am pretty much convinced after having read the book that this would be impossible because of the author's writing style) and used examples that applied only to human and machine interaction. Or she could have just jumped into her findings that dealt with human and machine interaction. The first approach could have been 'dumbed down' to make the book readable by the general public. The second approach could have served a more academic market.
The book reads something like a doctoral dissertation (it very well may be one, I don't know) in that she gives some information on each theory, but not really enough to give someone a good understanding of it - something like a literature review - and cites examples of research that are completely unrelated to the topic of the book to illustrate the theories . The she presents her methods, results, and conclusion.
I guess my problem is that I was expecting a book that would actually be enjoyable to read, interesting, and would focus on human and machine communication. If that is what you are looking for, look somewhere else. This book is nearly impossible to understand. I read the book for a graduate level course in Ethnomethodology and I didn't really understand it very well. By no means am I an expert in Ethnomethodology, but I'm pretty sure I know more about it than probably 95% of the world's population (keep in mind I don't know very much at all), so I'm pretty confident most people would find this book nearly impossible to decipher.
Important Beyond Its Ostensible Field.......2002-07-12
This is an outstanding book. The insight that showed the power of the idea of `situated action' goes far beyond the realm of interactive design or even human computer interaction in its entirety. It is a fundamental solution to the problem of facing complexity and contingency. Its implications are widespread. This book was published in the 1987 when during the last days of classical AI. This is one of the seminal books that showed the inadequacies of the classical formulation. Indeed it showed a new and much more way of achieving the goals that classical AI set for itself and failed. Despite its age the ides in this book are still fresh and important.
. Absolute certainty is impossible and the quest for it is costly and futile. Instead of trying to overcome the uncertainty that is in the world, the system designer should embrace it and use it as a tool to solve the problems that it creates.
This is a book that should be read by anyone who has set the task for themselves of developing any system that must function in an uncertain environment. In short this is a book that should be read by anyone who is developing a system that will have to function within the real world
Fundamental reading.......2000-06-28
This is THE book to start with if anybody is interested in studying interaction design. In a time everybody calls themselves an interaction designer, it's a highly recommended reading to learn there's more to interaction than simply large colourful buttons... Based on an ethnomethodological perspective, Suchman does a brilliant job in analysing users' interactions with an advanced Xerox machine, and putting forth an interesting critique of classical AI concepts. It's highly recommended for anybody interested in Human-Computer Communication and interaction design.
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Advanced Logo: A Language for Learning (Computer Science for the Behavioral Sciences)
Michael Friendly
Manufacturer: Lawrence Erlbaum
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ASIN: 0805800743 |
Book Description
i Advanced Logo /i shows how LOGO can be used as a vehicle to promote problem solving skills among secondary students, college students, and instructors. The book demonstrates the wide range of educational domains that can be explored through LOGO including generative grammars, physical laws of motion and mechanics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and calculus. br
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- The Cognitive Computer by Schank and Childers
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The Cognitive Computer: On Language, Learning, and Artificial Intelligence
Roger C. Schank , and
Peter G. Childers
Manufacturer: Addison-Wesley
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Binding: Hardcover
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Customer Reviews:
The Cognitive Computer by Schank and Childers.......2004-01-25
The authors explain how artificial intelligence involves seeing
something familiar in a new light. The challenge is to emulate
scripts built up over time and experience. There are significant
problems with programs which do not change as the result of
new knowledge. In addition, there are problems in computer
learning from failure. In practice, it is impossible to
articulate every possible error condition. Even if the knowledge
engineer could articulate every possible error, the next problem
is programming the computer system to do a multiplicity of
validations. Too many validations built into a system, can cause
the throughput to degrade substantially . When throughput
suffers, the overall efficiency of the system collapses.
This work is an important advance in artificial intelligence and
expert systems.
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Cognitive Modelling and Interactive Environments in Language Learning (Nato a S I Series Series III, Computer and Systems Sciences)
Frits L. Engel ,
Don G. Bouwhuis , and
Tom Bosser
Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 0387555595 |
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Current learning technology is younger than the students learning with it. It has adopted tools and techniques from many contemporary disciplines: cognition, education, linguistics, semantics, artificial intelligence, ergonomics, computer science, and software engineering. As the tools and techniques are also recent there is precious little experience so far of actual learning results with the new technology. This book, based on a NATO workshop held in Mierlo, The Netherlands, in November 1990, concentrates on the learner and on shaping the learning environment by elucidating learning behavior through student modeling and learning monitors. Another main topic is the design of interactive learning environments that promote learning by taking advantage of the individual student's needs and interests. Cognitive modeling and interactive environments are discussed in the framework of language learning. The book is divided into three sections, on cognitive modeling, language learning, and interactive environments, each of which opens with a discussion chapter presenting the topics in a general perspective. The book comes with two diskettes, for Apple and IBM PCs respectively, containing interactive exploratory learning programs.
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Cognitive Models and Intelligent Environments for Learning Programming (NATO ASI Series / Computer and Systems Sciences)
Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 3540565809 |
Book Description
At present, there is a general consensus on the nature of learning programming, but there are different opinions on what forms an effective environment for it. It is generally recognized that the development of a mental model is a formidable task for the student and that learning programming is a complex activity that depends heavily on metacognitive skills. This book, based on a NATO workshop, presents both pure cognitive models and experimental learning environments, and discusses what characteristics can make a learning model effective, especially in relation to the learning environment (natural or computerized). The papers cover cognitive models related to different aspects of programming, classes of learners, and types of environment, and are organized in three groups: theoretical and empirical studies on understanding programming, environments for learning programming, and learning programming in school environments. Comprehension, design, construction, testing, debugging, and verification are recognized as interdependent skills, which require complicated analysis and may develop independently, and indifferent orders, in novices. This book shows that there is unlikely to be asingle path from novice to expert and that the structure of the final product (the program) may not constrain the process by which it comes into being as much as some would advocate.
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Connectionism and Meaning: From Truth Conditions to Weight Representations (Ablex Series in Artificial Intelligence)
Stuart A. Jackson
Manufacturer: Ablex Publishing Corporation
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ASIN: 1567501575 |
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- towards a computer based story generation
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The Creative Process: A Computer Model of Storytelling and Creativity
Scott R. Turner
Manufacturer: Lawrence Erlbaum
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ASIN: 0805815767 |
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Someday computers will be artists. They'll be able to write amusing and original stories, invent and play games of unsurpassed complexity and inventiveness, tell jokes and suffer writer's block. But these things will require computers that can both achieve artistic goals and be creative. Both capabilities are far from accomplished. br br This book presents a theory of creativity that addresses some of the many hard problems which must be solved to build a creative computer. It also presents an exploration of the kinds of goals and plans needed to write simple short stories. These theories have been implemented in a computer program called MINSTREL which tells stories about King Arthur and his knights. While far from being the silicon author of the future, MINSTREL does illuminate many of the interesting and difficult issues involved in constructing a creative computer. br br The results presented here should be of interest to at least three different groups of people. Artificial intelligence researchersshould find this work an interesting application of symbolic AI to the problems of story-telling and creativity. Psychologists interested in creativity and imagination should benefit from the attempt to build a detailed, explicit model of the creative process. Finally, authors and others interested in how people write should find MINSTREL's model of the author-level writing process thought-provoking. br
Customer Reviews:
towards a computer based story generation.......2000-04-26
This book presents a nice approach to story generation using a problem solving technique. Even though Turner suggests that stories generated by this approach seem to imply creative, we think that they do not. However, the question of creativity, at this point, is irrelevant. What is relavent is that the model does tell stories that seem good enough to read. Granted that the stories generated using this approach cannot compare to Shakespearian or even modern playwriters' stories in terms of quality. It is, nevertheless, a start towards a computer based story generator.
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Data Fusion and Perception
Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 3211836837 |
Book Description
This work is a collection of front-end research papers on data fusion and perceptions. Authors are leading European experts of Artificial Intelligence, Mathematical Statistics and/or Machine Learning. Area overlaps with "Intelligent Data Analysisâ€, which aims to unscramble latent structures in collected data: Statistical Learning, Model Selection, Information Fusion, Soccer Robots, Fuzzy Quantifiers, Emotions and Artifacts.
Books:
- Lover Revealed (Black Dagger Brotherhood, Book 4)
- Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age
- Medieval Sword & Shield: The Combat System of Royal Armouries MS I.33
- Memoir of Hungary, 1944-1948
- Nakajima Ki.43 Hayabusa I-III: In Japanese Army Air Force-RTAF-CAF-IPSF service (Arco-Aircam aviation series)
- Nice Girls Don't Get the Corner Office: 101 Unconscious Mistakes Women Make That Sabotage Their Careers
- No Mean Soldier: The Story of the Ultimate Professional Soldier in the SAS and Other Forces
- Optimal Control and Estimation (Dover Books on Advanced Mathematics)
- Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework
- Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector
Books Index
Books Home
Recommended Books
- Invincible: The Ultimate Collection, Vol. 1
- History: Fiction or Science
- Cocktails In Tahiti
- Catfish and Mandala: A Two-Wheeled Voyage Through the Landscape and Memory of Vietnam
- Evolution
- Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes
- Gregor And The Curse Of The Warmbloods
- The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics
- Distinguished African Americans in Aviation and Space Science:
- Selected Papers in Phycology 2
Operation Cobra 1944: Breakout from Normandy (Campaign)
The Rhineland 1945: The Final Push into Germany (Praeger Illustrated Military History)
Battle of the Bulge 1944 (2): Bastogne (Campaign)
Falaise 1944: Death of an army (Campaign)
Bagration 1944: The Destruction Of Army Group Centre (Campaign)
