West Indies Accounts: Essays on the History of the British Caribbean and the Atlantic Economy

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This digital document is an article from Accounting Historians Journal, published by Thomson Gale on December 1, 2005. The length of the article is 12738 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Accounting, coercion and social control during apprenticeship: converting slave workers to wage workers in the British West Indies, c. 1834-1838.
Author: Thomas N. Tyson
Publication: Accounting Historians Journal (Magazine/Journal)
Date: December 1, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 32 Issue: 2 Page: 201(31)

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BRITISH HISTORIANS AND THE WEST INDIES. Preface by Allan Bullock.

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BRITISH HISTORIANS AND THE WEST INDIES. Preface by Allan Bullock.
Eric. Williams
Manufacturer: Andre Deutsch,
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000N796PU

Book Description

International Relations Since 1945 is a one-volume authoritative historical analysis of international relations during the Cold War and its aftermath. It both describes and interprets events since 1945 for an undergraduate audience. It explores how the Cold War impacted upon world politics as a whole, but also deals with such important regional problems as the Middle East, the development of European integration and the end of the European empires in Africa and Asia. While focusing on political change, careful attention is paid to the evolution of the global economy and the interplay between international and domestic developments, as well as to the growth of 'interdependence'. Particular attention is paid to the role of the United States, especially in the 1990s when it became the world's only Superpower. The text covers the nature of the Cold War, the development of the Western and Eastern blocs, North-South, decolonization and Third World issues, international economic relations, armaments and nuclear strategy and globalization.

Stalin's Cold War: Soviet Foreign Policy, Democracy and Communism in Bulgaria, 1941-1948 (Global Conflict Since 1945)

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Stalin's Cold War: Soviet Foreign Policy, Democracy and Communism in Bulgaria, 1941-1948 (Global Conflict Since 1945)
Vesselin Dimitrov
Manufacturer: Palgrave Macmillan
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

Japan | Asia | History | Subjects | Books

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Book Description

This book presents an original and in-depth study of Stalin's policy at the birth of the Cold War, based on new archival documents.

Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945 (The New International History Series)

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Single-source discussion starter that reads well

Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945 (The New International History Series)
Philip Taylor
Manufacturer: Routledge
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics

ASIN: 0415116791

Book Description

Mass communication and the mass media are comparatively recent phenomena, but are the conditions in which politicians, statesmen and soldiers have been increasingly forced to operate.

In Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945, Philip M. Taylor traces the increased involvement of the media in issues of peace and especially war from the nineteenth century to the present day. He analyzes the nature, role and impact of communications within the international arena and how communications interacts with foreign policy in practice rather than in theory. Using studies which include the Gulf War and Vietnam, Taylor details the contemporary problems of reporting while at the same time providing a comprehensive historical context.

Customer Reviews:

Single-source discussion starter that reads well.......2003-02-24

This book is a must read for political science, foreign relations, military, and communications professionals and students. It provides a framework for discussion on topics of communications technology, international relations and military-media relations as they have evolved in the post-WWII era. While this description seems to cast a wide net for readers, the book does indeed deliver. While admittedly critical of the news media, the author suceeds in providing a realistic context to promote discussion on how international relations are affected by new communications technologies and the global media network.
Divided into four chapters with well-defined sub-heads, the author begins by briefly discussing the evolution of communications technologies and their impacts in the present day "information age." In his introduction, the author offers his own analysis of Alvin Tofler's Third Wave theory and its present and future impact, as well as an analysis of modern communications and how they constitute a "fourth dimension" of international relations.
Chapter one (International communications and international politics since 1945) examines the new political orders existing in the aftermath of World War II. Included are discussions about the rival Superpowers' use of new information technologies during the Cold War, as well as the political ramifications of an ever-expanding global communications network - to include the emergence of CNN as a powerful factor in international politics.
Chapter two (Brushfires and firefighters: international affairs and the news media) examines the effects of the news media on foreign policy, diplomacy and culture. The effects of television on all of the above are major themes throughout with an in-depth discussion of the effects of electronic news gathering (ENG) and continued discussion of the "CNN effect."
Chapter three (Illusions of reality: the media and the reporting of warfare) focuses on debunking some of the current myths regarding media-military relations as well as analyzing coverage throughout history, but most notably from Vietnam and the 1991 Gulf War. The author draws a further distinction between media reporting of "our wars" and "other people's wars" before concluding the discussion.
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Relatively short (202p.) and well-documented, this book is one of the best discussion-starters available for students of communications, the media, and its effects on global diplomacy and military affairs.

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British foreign policy towards Vietnam illustrates the evolution of Britain's position within world geopolitics from 1943-1950.

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Fascinating anti-Establishment perspective on CIA operations
A most important source study book

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Fascinating anti-Establishment perspective on CIA operations.......2002-04-11

William Blum has without doubt makes a significant contribution to the history of the Cold War. Furthermore, his account
shows that the guiding logic of the CIA is as applicable today as it was in the days of the USSR. Foreign policy, as Kissenger
said, is most definitely not about "missionary work", rather being formulated in the interests of the ruling elite in the USA.

The main point arising from this book is that what a country does, and what it says it does, rarely coincide (in this way states are very similar to normal people). Lifting the veil of successive US governments' benign rhetoric, Blum reveals undercurrents or pure greed and savagery. International Relations can only be truly understood by following the interests of interested players, rather than politicians' vacuous pontifications.

The maxim of "follow the money" can be applied to Blum's methodology - charting the rise of murderous and fascist regimes
against the profitability of US investors.

Although much of what Blum claims to have happened is unverifiable, being based on secret concordats, gentlemen's
agreements and sometimes hearsay, his collection, corroboration and systematisation of sources does much to counter this.
Blum can lay no claim to the absolute truth (though who can?), but his account of the CIA is closer to the mark than any other
official history.

In effect, Blum is asking his readers to pose a simple question: what motivates organisations such as the CIA? Is it the
wishy-washy benign do-gooder rhetoric of career politicians? Or the cool calculations of material self-interest. Blum's
convincing analysis would have us accept the latter.

Highly recommended.

A most important source study book.......2001-12-25

I bought my copy in 1987 and consider it one of the most important books written. Mainly it shows that the United States is not concerned with the welfare of the world as a whole but only concerned as to how it can control the world so it can theive the world's riches.

Recently, S11, some "Americans" (i.e., United States citizens) asked why the world hated them so. This book will largely explain why -- The citizens of the United States greed and arrogance knows no bounds; in fact it is not a matter for reflection or analysis.

"Americans" are just the most important people on earth and everyone else is there to be their slaves and sychophants. OR ELSE! Or else the ones who don't act like catamites to the "Americans" deserve to be bombed back to the stone age, including former allies like Osema bin Laden, who was an "ally" when it suited the spooks of the CIA. Wounded 8 times in fighting the Russians on behalf of the US, he is not a little "terrorist" nobody, "wanted dead or alive", as that sickening coward George W Bush puts it.

I fought in Korea for 2 and a 1/2 years and never have I witnessed such inept and cowardly troops when it came to hand to hand infantry fighting as the "Americans" (not the Canadians) including the US Marines.

They are cowards. White-collar killers dropping bombs from 40 thousand feet is about all they're capable of when it comes to "war", which of course isn't war but a turky shoot. It is time William Blum's book published by ZED Books so long ago was republished in toto without revision for all this emerges in fairly plain language -- why everyone hates the United States.

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In The Changing Brain, Ira Black tells the fascinating story of modern neuroscience. A rich, multifaceted tale spanning a century and taking place on multiple continents, it moves from Fascist Italy, with the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF) by a young scientist working secretly in a makeshift laboratory in her bedroom, to current experiments in which transplanted, laboratory-grown cells lead to recovery and function in damaged brain regions. In the mid 1990s, a revolutionary new conception of the brain emerged--instead of the traditional view that the brain's role in perception, memory, learning, and emotions was based on a static, non-renewable network of brain cells and connections, research revealed that the human brain is an ever-changing, fantastically complex system that is continually being shaped and reshaped by a subtle interplay of genetic clues and life experiences. To bridge the gap between abstract concepts and real-world experience, Dr. Black draws upon his expertise as a clinical neurologist to provide a dramatic account--the fictionalized story of a successful investment banker named Enoch Wallace and his battle with Alzheimer's disease--that vividly illuminates the narrative. From his first fleeting memory lapses to his final descent into dementia, each step in Wallace's decline becomes a window into another aspect of brain function and the latest groundbreaking research in neuroscience.

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Why is it that market instruments have not been used to their full potential in environmental policy? Using a public choice perspective, this book critically analyzes the political economy of environmental policy with special emphasis on the role of powerful interest groups which have blocked the introduction of market instruments. Drawing on new case studies of market instruments, Dr. Dijkstra examines the attitude of interest groups and how they influence environmental policy. He discusses the preferences of shareholders and workers in the polluting industry, the environmental movement and the environmental bureaucracy. He then investigates the circumstances under which market instruments will have a low or no probability of being accepted, assuming that they are welfare-maximizing. The Political Economy of Environmental Policy will be a welcome addition to the existing literature and will be of interest to environmental and ecological economists, policy makers, political scientists and public choice scholars.

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by Roy E. Cordato.......2001-02-27

Given the broad nature of this book's title, the reader is struck first by its very narrow focus, even within the confines of the subtitle. As a consequence of his narrow focus, the author unjustifiably and inexplicably ignores important policy alternatives currently being discussed in the field of environmental economics. Ultimately his purpose is to develop a rent-seeking explanation of why direct regulations are invoked more frequently in environmental policy than economic instruments (narrowly defined), even though most economists claim that the latter are "efficient" or "welfare maximizing." However, as I argue here, even this narrow exercise is compromised and may even be suspect because the underlying suppositions embedded in framing the problem may not be accurate.

As noted, the omissions in the book are glaring. On page 1, the reader is informed that "instruments of environmental policy" are divided "according to three ways in which a government can influence an agent's behaviour": direct regulation (command and control), market or economic instruments (tradable permits or pollution taxes), and suasive instruments (education, training, and so forth). I was immediately struck by the fact that this list completely omits the definition and enforcement of property rights as tools of environmental policy. In fact, in more than three hundred pages, Dijkstra does not discuss property rights and their relationship to environmental policy or mention seminal writings by Ronald Coase, Garret Hardin, or any of the more contemporary property-rights analysts such as Richard Stroup, Terry Anderson, Donald Leal, P. J. Hill, or Bruce Yandle. As a result, he inexplicably ignores all the research done primarily by economists in the field of free-market environmentalism (FME). This literature focuses on how the lack of clearly defined property rights has caused most environmental problems and how a clearer definition and enforcement of property rights, possibly through common-law adjudication, would be the best-that is, the most efficient-way to deal with such problems. Even if the author viewed FME as unimportant in terms of actual public-policy considerations, he should have discussed the subject in order perhaps only to dismiss it. Indeed, this approach is the author's way of dealing with so-called suasive instruments.

Even if we accept the author's narrow focus, however, his hypothesis and his book in general still have fundamental shortcomings. First, his review of the literature on the efficiency of alternative policies has at least one gaping hole where it ignores the entire body of work on the relationship between property rights and the environment. If Dijkstra had recognized that literature, then he could not have taken as given the efficiency case for pollution taxes and tradable permits. There is at least an equally valid efficiency case for FME. It is surprising that this project could have made it through both a dissertation defense and the editor's peer-review process without attention being drawn to this omission.

Moreover, Dijkstra's hypothesis accepts as an empirical fact something that seems to be simply an impression on his part and not necessarily true. His premise is that public-policy makers have ignored the economic analysis demonstrating that economic instruments are more efficient than command-and-control policies, while favoring the latter over the former. Of course, for this situation to have been the case, the economic literature would have to have been developed prior to the implementation of the policies, with some reasonable amount of time elapsing between the two events in order for the science to trickle down to the public-policy arena. Yet, in examining Dijkstra's review of the literature, the reader will find that most of the articles cited date from the 1980s, the earliest having been published in 1979. In the United States, the major environmental legislation-the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act-was enacted well before the cited literature appeared. Furthermore, the first important environmental legislation enacted after the 1980s, the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, did have as its centerpiece a tradable-permits plan for sulfur dioxide. Although Dijkstra notes this fact, he does not note its incongruency with his interpretation. Most recently, discussions have focused on implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the control of carbon-dioxide emissions. Among true believers in the global-warming hypothesis and in the necessity of reducing carbon-dioxide emissions, the only policies being discussed are carbon taxes and tradable emissions permits.

In short, Dijkstra is attempting to explain a phenomenon that he never convincingly demonstrates has occurred. From his literature review, it appears that once the economic analysis had been firmly established, both public-policy makers and environmental advocates proceeded to heed the economists' advice. As Duncan Austin of the World Resource Institute has argued, "Surveys show that about 100 economic instruments were in place in 14 OECD countries by 1987, rising to 150 by 1993. In the U.S. they have been used most prominently to control SO2 emissions under the Clean Air Act" (Economic Instruments for Pollution Control and Prevention [World Resources Institute, September 1999], p. 1). What might actually need to be explained is why public-policy makers have been so quick to embrace pollution taxes and tradable permits. My guess is that in an era when socialism is being rejected around the world, these policies have given central planners an economic-efficiency cover for what are essentially market-socialist schemes.

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Independent Review, published by Independent Institute on January 1, 2001. The length of the article is 1780 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: The Political Economy of Environmental Policy: A Public Choice Approach to Market Instruments.(Review)
Author: Roy E. Cordato
Publication: Independent Review (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 2001
Publisher: Independent Institute
Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Page: 445

Article Type: Book Review

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