Contested Governance in Japan Sites and Issues (Sheffield Centre for Japanese Studies/RoutledgeCurzon)

Book Description

Contested Governance in Japan extends the analysis of governance in contemporary Japan by exploring both the sites and issues of governance above and below the state as well as within it. All contributors share a common perspective on governance as taking place in different sites of activity, and as involving a range of issues related to the norms and rules for the management, coordination and regulation of order, whether within Japan or on the regional or global levels. This volume discusses the contested nature of governance in Japan and the ways in which a range of actors are involved in different sites and issues of governance at home, in the region and the globe. Including chapters on global governance, local policy-making, democracy, environmental governance, the Japanese financial system, corruption, the family and corporate governance, this collection will be of interest to anyone studying Japanese politics and governance.

Book Description

Recorded history is a finely-woven magic fabric of intricate lies about events predating the sixteenth century. There is not a single piece of evidence that can be reliably and independently traced back earlier than the eleventh century. This book details events that are substantiated by hard facts and logic, and validated by new astronomical research and statistical analysis of ancient sources.

Customer Reviews:

Calculations are only as good as your numbers.......2007-08-03

Yes, we can all agree that mainstream history is nearly 100% BS due to politics, economics, ego, problems with dating techniques, and various conspiracies. Agreed. But, I've been researching the distinct possibility that human history (in terms of civilizations) are much more ancient than we've been told, so coming across this book was very interesting to me. I wondered how Fomenko could be wrong (if at all) because he is very persuasive in his presentations. Then it dawned on me. If at previous times in prehistory, due to the various catastrophies that are well documented (comets, asteroids, planetary disruptions, plasma discharge, pole reversals, etc) the Earth was in a different position in relation to the sun, different tilt on its axis, different orbit, different rotation (in terms of velocity and DIRECTION), and the continents were in different positions, then would this not cause the ancients to see the sky (constellations) differently? In other words, is Fomenko making erronious assumptions about the physics of the Earth in pre-history, which then corrupt his data with regards to dating the relevant astrology? The last event to seriously disrupt our planet occured roughly 3500 years ago, according to other good researchers, so is it possible Fomenko has been confused by this? The vastly different physics of our planet in the not so distant past may explain this confusion, which is not to say the "mainstream" version of history is correct; on the contrary. I am not an expert in these fields, but wanted to see if this idea could spark discussion.

Pants on fire?.......2007-07-19

Will people ever read before spamming? Yes, Jesuits could not rewrite world history alone, they had help. Anyway, Dr Prof Acad A.Fomenko does not point to jesuits as the driving force of world wide history manipulation in published volumes 1,2,3;, actually he barely mentions the poor devils. Check it with 'Search inside' feature, please. China is rarely mentioned either, in fact, Dr Fomenko is completely eurocentric. Right, his theory contradicts all mainstream schools of history, because in their actual state they are all built on blatantly erroneus chronology. You don't need a mysterious cabal (conspiracy) to falsify history, the falsification is its modus operandi. It is inherent to history(ians) to falsify (distort) events, as it is inherent to humans to boast as it is inherent to power (authority) to legimize itself by referrring to glorious past made to its own order. Dr Prof Fomenko and team have identified scores of instances of such manipulation in Russian, European, etc.. history, and delivered valid statistical proof thereof. His own 'reconstruction' is completely another story. Forget c14 as a valid method of dating. W.Libby has initially discovered a brilliant method of INDEPENDENT dating. Too bad, c14 method has become a joke after a forced marrige with dendrochronology with consensual chronological scale inbuilt. Radiocarbon method can't stand blind tests, but is so very productive as a rubberstamp.

Accepted History & Chronology Must Be Changed. .......2007-04-09

There is no doubt that history as most know it is a sham, & institution's version of History both University & Church is fradulent & inaccurate. Everything was established with an agenda, The real "Dark Ages" are now when we have access to incredible amounts of information past authorities & more important 'common folk' didn't have but our institutions & educators are slow to evolve because of what has ignorantly & arrogantly been taught for too long. This is on many subjects not just Chronology.

For anyone to question "Why would a Mathematician have anything credible to say of History?" The answer is from Dr. Fomenko's preface in the book: "It would be worthwhile to remind the reader that in the XVI-XVII century Chronology was considered to be a subdivision of Mathematics." These volumes could possibly be some of the most important works to date & should be read by everyone with an interest in History, especially professors & educators who have a duty to the public. I have read both books & must say that 'Chronology 1' has some very eye opening & revolutionary information. Even if these volumes are part true the implications are profound & opens the doors to further investigations & questions which must be done. I speak several different lanquages & must say the logic Dr. Fomenko uses with "inflection" of words & words being read from left to right in one region & right to left in another then written backwards, the removal of vowels & get down to basics of words, or different cities & locations having the same name etc. is correct. Vowel usage has always been optional & varied, actually complicating linquistics & study. The first thing one has to understand is that words never had a fixed spelling in history like we do now, the spelling of words was mutable & regional, as well as names & titles of people were vast, varied & changed, NOTHING WAS FIXED or understood linear. Matters of Life & Death as well as financial profiteering yesterday & today were & are made with ignorant, illogical & conspiratorial views of history & reality, it's time people get closer to the Truth & society collectively grow up.

Very Interesting.......2007-03-07

It is a good proposal and I believe it will mature into something even better in the future. I think it deserves to be read.

History as Science Fiction.......2007-01-10

Anatoly Fomenko has written a very intriguing book, full of pictures, charts, and computer 'proof' of his thesis: backwards of AD900 we don't really know what happened or when. Between AD900 and AD1600 there is more certainty, but there is still a lot of fuzzy ground, and things don't get reliable until we get past the 1600's where the printing press made it very difficult for the perpetrators of this timeline manipulation to change anything that had been committed to print. The Dark Ages did not happen. Books were burned for a reason. One organization has doubled the actual length of its existence by expanding the real chronology. Read why.

I had always wondered why Christ died about AD33 and yet men waited until the 11th century to form the Knights Templar, the Cathars, etc and go after the Holy Land by force. Why the 1000 year gap? Turns out there wasn't more than a 10-12 year gap and he proves it using astronomy. This also implies that the planet is not as old as we have been told, and current Christian and other creationist scientists are already championing that idea without being aware of Fomenko's book. The two groups, creationist scientists and the Russian mathematical analysts corroborate each other. Fascinating.

Of course, all this flies in the face of what we have been told traditionally is the 'proper' chronology of western civilization, and most readers will experience 'cognitive dissonance' in reading this book. It means that our history going backwards from AD1600 becomes progressively more incorrect and unreliable until it cannot be trusted at all... in the space of 700-800 years.

Naturally, the curious, open-minded reader will want to know WHO did this, WHY, and did any of the events we think of as really ancient ever happen?
Dr. Fomenko is a respected scientist/mathematician at Moscow State University who has already answered these questions to the satisfaction of his initially skeptical colleagues. Most of them are now believers, a few still refuse to believe (the usual diehards), and of course the western press has ignored Fomenko's work -- for obvious reasons when you read the book. The ones who perpetrated this chronology ruse have a lot to answer for. They are still with us. That's why this book is a well-kept secret.

I gave the book a 4-star rating because I was unable to check out some of his claims; those I checked were as he said. But if even 1/3 of his claims are true, this punches a big hole in what we think is our history, the meaning of western civilization, our educational process (for repeating the ruse as gospel), and the trustworthiness of the organization that perpetrated this ruse, well-intentioned or not.

This book relates to current research into a Young Earth paradigm, to John Keel's discoveries about our planet, and Fr Malachi Martin's insights (in his now out-of-print books). We are indeed sheep who are manipulated and kept ignorant -- for a reason. While knowing what these men have to say may be the "booby prize" (as in: 'what can you do with this knowledge?'), it will provide interesting reading. Didn't someone say: "...and the Truth will set you free."?? For you to judge if this book contains the truth.

The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire (Historical Endings)

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The David Irving of Ottoman Studies
Excellent book, at once readable and informative
Very intereting book!
Politicized history
McCarthy: Peddler of Holocaust denial

The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire (Historical Endings)
Justin McCarthy
Manufacturer: A Hodder Arnold Publication
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0340706570

Book Description

Here, historian Justin McCarthy tells the story of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and how this changed the lives of Slavs, Turks, Greeks, Arabs, and Armenians. The history has striking parallels, as well as direct links, to the crises in the Balkans today. For six centuries the Ottoman Empire united a diverse array of religious and ethnic groups, but its dissolution into distinct states left a tradition of nationalism and ethnic enmity in much of the Balkans and Middle East. In particular, the majority of the Muslim population of the Ottoman Balkans would never be integrated into the new states, as the 'national' characters of these states depended in part on the elimination of 'outsiders'. The new map of the Balkans and Middle East, which was largely the product of the victorious Allies after World War I, made little concession to practical concerns, such as access to seaports, or the rights of minorities. Only the Turkish Republic was able to thwart the plans of the conquerors by defeating military incursion. Ideal for undergraduates in history and political science, The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire provides the historical background to one of the central conflicts of our time.

Customer Reviews:

The David Irving of Ottoman Studies.......2007-06-18

Professor McCarthy is entitled to his personal opinions and he is, as an academic, entitled to express his views in class and in-print until the law of the United States says otherwise. But let us identify a few of the logical and legal flaws in his thinking, lest potential readers be hoodwinked into thinking they are buying some kind of final word on the subject of Ottoman Armenians (no such book has been written.) McCarthy's understanding of the concept of the history of the Ottoman Empire is adequate enough to write this book, but his concept of the ramifications of empire collapse are lacking. In his view, only the peoples ethnically and religiously affiliated with the ruling class of an (or any, by logical extention) empire have legal right to determine the future. That Armenians, Greeks, Kurds, Circassians and others rioted and rebelled against what would certainly have been death-by-assimilation is not only well known, it was predicate to their very existence today. Even now the official Turkish policy on the Kurds is to call them "Mountain Turks"--that is, to deny them any kind of official Kurdishness. That certainly would have been the fate of Greeks and Armenians had they not had the sense and guts to defend themselves against the waves of assimilation. McCarthy ignores this potential entirely. He fails to put these riots and rebellions in the greater context of Ottoman subject rebellion. Why are the Arabs not demonized for their successful bid at autonomy? Probably in part because they are Muslims, but also because *they were successful*. There are still those in Turkey today who resent the loss of the Levant and Arabian Penninsula, just as there are still those in the American South who resent loss of the Civil War. McCarthy ignores this as well. McCarthy's kind of thinking, when taken to its logical ends either would suggest the Arabs should never have rebelled, or that the Armenians didn't do enough to ensure their autonomy. The Armenians and Kurds were simply misfortunate enough to be too close to the heart of the Empire to assert the freedom they had every right to. If they had not been wiped off the map, Turkey would be a smaller (and less hubristic) nation today. McCarthy also fails to adequately answer the question of why the Turkish Army sought to invade Eastern Armenia--the Army was repulsed not far from where the Turkish-Armenian border lies today. Did the Young Turks in fact have designs to create a Turkic empire stretching from the Bosphorous to Western China, eliminating anything that stood in its way? McCarthy totally ignores the evidence for this (see Taner Akcam's "From Empire to Republic"), preferring to see the Ottoman subject peoples as rebellious nuisances and criminals who should have allowed themselves to be subjected to Turkification. McCarthy also fails to take into account the effects of Ottoman defeat in the Balkans on the Christian subjects in the heart of the Empire--does he honestly think there was no backlash? Moreover, his insinuations that subject peoples were Russian and British "tools" against the Ottomans is a vestige of early Turkish Republic paranoia and chauvanism. The Armenians by 1915 knew very well the looming threat of Turkification (see Akcam again) and it is remarkable they did not do more to ensure their own survival. McCarthy's characterization of them as instigators is dishonest. Should the Palestinians give up fighting Apartheid in Israel? Should Polish and German Jews not have fought back in the ghettoes? Should African-Americans have lain down their struggle for universal sufferage for fear of violence against their oppressors? By Justin McCarthy's logic, YES.

Recommended chapters of this book (hence a two-stars) include 1-4 and 9-11. They are much less politically loaded and more adept (useable) than 5-8, which deal with the First World War and Genocide.

P.S. As always... beware of reviewers who use the word "truth".

Excellent book, at once readable and informative.......2006-10-25

So many of today's trouble spots were once part of the Ottoman Empire: Bosnia, Kosovo, Israel, Palestine, and Iraq, to name just a few. The problems seen today were even more widespread at the beginning of the twentieth century: ethnic minorities, determined to possess their own ethnically homogeneous states, but living in areas so intermingled with other ethnic groups that their states could only be assembled by driving out others. The victims of these ethnic cleansing events in late Ottoman times were mostly Moslems (and Jews); the protagonists were Christians, who could count on the tacit support of Christian Europe and overt support from Russia.

This story is new to us in the Christian west, mostly because western popular feeling of that time was committed to the cause of Ottoman Christian minorities, and therefore outraged only by the deaths of Christians, ignoring the deaths of so many non-Christians. Justin McCarthy has performed a valuable service in writing this eye-opening and very readable book. Most readers will find particularly valuable his treatment of the tragic intercommunal violence between Armenians and non-Armenians that, even today, is misleadingly called the "Armenian Genocide."

Very intereting book!.......2005-06-17

This book gives emirical account of the events and is rather convincing.

Politicized history.......2005-03-26

While physically attractive, this book is very one-sided history by a writer who is known primarily for defending the Ottoman state against charges of genocide. If you are looking for a positive portrayal of the Ottomans from a nationalist Turkish perspective, look no further, but if you want an objective account of the late Ottoman period, you'd best look elsewhere.

It is nonetheless interesting to see the same degree of partisanship displayed by the other reviewers below who rate this book highly: The reviewer "Holdwater" for instance, has (as I write this) written just eight reviews for Amazon. All are on the Ottoman Empire/Turkey and its relations with its Armenian and Greek citizens. He gives five-star ratings to the pro-Turkish books, and one-star ratings to books critical of Turkey or the Turks. His reviews are thus more propagandistic than even-handed assessments - a comment that also, unfortunately, applies to this book.

McCarthy: Peddler of Holocaust denial.......2004-12-16

Back to statistics 101 for McCarthy who obviously failed that one back in undergrad!

Using his same Ottoman sources and extrapolation, one gets 19,000 Jewish persons in Salonika at the last Ottoman census instead of the universally accepted number of 80,000.

What does this four-fold undercount against a known, documented, and peer-reviewed number bode for McCarthy's numbers on other minorities in the late Ottoman and early Turkish Republic?

McCarthy also seems to be unaware of Ottoman and Young Turk archives on a number of subjects such as the military actions agaoinst Armenian civilian poulations. This is very strange since these archives and specific documents are used by scholars in Turkey itself!

The simple fact is this is not a scholarly work. It has already been mercilessly mocked and derided in many scholarly journals on demography and sociology.

The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire does make for on good thing, as others of noted: McCarthy's work has become a useful case study in the field of governments using and placing academics to revise difficult periods in their own history.

Cons: not useful for Ottoman demographics unless you want to believe that Jews, Armenians, Greeks somehow left the Ottoman Empire of their own accord in the 1800's.

Pros:
a) Extremely useful example for the study of Holocaust denial; and
b) Example of agents of foreign governments now being placed in US university's to produce revisionist material.
(see several articles in the Chronicle of Higher Education about the Turkish government's useof this tactic in the 1990's.)

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Singapore Island suffered one of the highest known deforestation rates in the tropics from the mid-to-late 19th century when over 95% of its native lowland forest was cleared. We compared the current bird community structure and composition among three habitat types, i.e., old (>50 years, 7-935 ha) and young (= <50 years, 29-49 ha) naturally regenerating secondary forests and abandoned wooded plantations (27-102 ha) dominated by exotic species. Forest patch area had the strongest influence on the current species richness. The overall bird richness was not greater in most mature forest patches, but 20 species were only found in the old secondary forests and five of these were found in <50% of these patches. The rapid decrease in the number of forest species in plantations was offset by an increase in the number of open habitat species. Comparisons with current bird communities in nearby mainland forest sites (Peninsular Malaysia) suggest that the forest avifauna of Singapore is depauperate. The preservation of larger mature and maturing forests is therefore required for conserving the extant forest avifauna in Singapore. Connecting isolated patches can also be envisioned to facilitate movements of forest birds that have low densities and restricted distribution.

Effects of habitat disturbance on mixed species bird flocks in a tropical sub-montane rainforest [An article from: Biological Conservation]

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Effects of habitat disturbance on mixed species bird flocks in a tropical sub-montane rainforest [An article from: Biological Conservation]
T.M. Lee , M.C.K. Soh , N. Sodhi , L.P. Koh , and S.L Lim
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000RR3L3E

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Despite their vulnerability to forest disturbances in the Neotropics, the consequences of forest perturbation on mixed species flocks are poorly understood in the threatened Southeast Asian rainforests. We examined the effects of local-scale habitat disturbance on mixed species flocks along an escalating gradient of anthropogenic modification (i.e., forest interior, forest edge, and urban) in a sub-montane tropical rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia that is presently experiencing low intensity development. Mixed species flocks in the forest interior and forest edge habitats (9.3+/-2.3 and 8.4+/-2.3, respectively) had significantly higher number of species than those observed in the urban habitat (5.1+/-1.7). Flock participation was influenced by environmental characteristics (e.g., canopy cover). Flocking species sensitive to habitat disturbance were likely to be from the Families Corvidae, Nectariniidae, and Sylviidae; had narrow to restricted altitudinal ranges; and were exclusively dependent on primary forest and understory microhabitats. We conclude that sub-montane mixed species flocks are affected by even small scale urbanization and that they, particularly with species richness as a parameter, can be used as effective ecological indicators. With the looming development pressure on the sub-montane/montane habitats in Peninsular Malaysia and the Southeast Asian region, urgent conservation actions are needed for the preservation of their biotas.

Habitat structure and proximity to forest edge affect the abundance and distribution of forest-dependent birds in tropical coastal forests of southeastern ... [An article from: Biological Conservation]

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Habitat structure and proximity to forest edge affect the abundance and distribution of forest-dependent birds in tropical coastal forests of southeastern ... [An article from: Biological Conservation]
J.E.M. Watson , R.J. Whittaker , and T.P. Dawson
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000RR3MDI

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Despite the fact that Madagascar is classified a biological `hotspot' due to having both high levels of species endemism and high forest loss, there has been no published research on how Madagascan bird species respond to the creation of a forest edge or to degradation of their habitat. In this study, we examined how forest bird communities and different foraging guilds were affected by patch habitat quality and landscape context (forest core, forest edge and matrix habitat) in the threatened littoral forests of coastal southeastern Madagascar. We quantified habitat use and community composition of birds by conducting 20 point counts in each landscape contextual element in October and November 2002. We found that littoral forest core habitats had significantly (p <0.01) more bird species than forest edge and matrix habitats. Thirty-one (68%) forest dependent species were found to be edge-sensitive. Forest edge sites had fewer species, and a higher representation of common species than forest interior sites. Twenty-nine species were found in the matrix habitat, and the majority of matrix-tolerant forest species had their greatest abundance within littoral forest edge habitats. Guild composition also changed with landscape context. Unlike other tropical studies with which we are familiar, we found that frugivorous species were edge-sensitive while sallying insectivores were edge-preferring. The majority of canopy insectivores (n=15, 88%), including all six endemic vanga species, were edge-sensitive. When habitat quality was assessed, the distributions of nine edge-sensitive species were significantly (p <0.01) affected by changes in habitat complexity and vegetation vertical structure in core or edge point counts. Therefore, we believe that changes in vegetation structure at the edge of littoral forest remnants may be a key indicator of mechanisms involved in edge sensitivity of forest dependent species in these forests. Our findings indicate that habitat fragmentation and degradation affect Madagascan bird communities and that these processes threaten many species. With continued deforestation and habitat degradation in Madagascar, we predict the further decline of many bird species.

Land use and conservation value for forest birds in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia) [An article from: Biological Conservation]

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Land use and conservation value for forest birds in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia) [An article from: Biological Conservation]
N.S. Sodhi , L.P. Koh , D.M. Prawiradilaga , and Darjono
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000RR3LNO

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Unprecedented deforestation is currently underway in Southeast Asia. Since this trend is likely to continue, it is critical to determine the value of human-modified habitats (e.g., mixed-rural habitat) for conserving the regional native forest avifauna. The impacts of ongoing deforestation on the highly endemic avifauna (33%) of Sulawesi (Indonesia) are poorly understood. We sampled birds in primary and secondary forests in the Lore Lindu National Park in central Sulawesi, as well as the surrounding plantation and mixed-rural habitats. Species richness, species density and population density of forest birds showed a consistent decreasing trend in the following order: primary forests>secondary forests>mixed-rural habitat>plantations. Although primary forests contained the highest proportion (85%) of a total of 34 forest species recorded from our point count surveys, 40-yr old secondary forests and the mixed-rural habitat showed high conservation potential, containing 82% and 76% of the forest species, respectively. Plantations recorded only 32% of the forest bird species. Fifteen forest species had the highest abundance in primary forests, while two species had higher abundance outside primary forests. Our simulations revealed that all forest birds that were sensitive to native tree cover could be found in areas with at least 20% continuous native tree cover. Our study shows that although primary forests have the highest conservation value for forest avifauna, the potential of degraded habitats, such as secondary forests and the mixed-rural habitat, for conserving forest species can be enhanced with appropriate land use and management decisions.

Landscape patterns influencing bird assemblages in a fragmented neotropical cloud forest [An article from: Biological Conservation]

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Landscape patterns influencing bird assemblages in a fragmented neotropical cloud forest [An article from: Biological Conservation]
M. Angel Marti@?nez-Morales
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000RR3L8E

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The cloud forest is one of the rarest and most threatened ecosystems in Mexico, although it contributes highly to the country's biological diversity and provides important ecological services. It is a naturally fragmented ecosystem, but anthropogenic deforestation and fragmentation has been severe. Consequently, it is essential to identify landscape patterns critical for the conservation of cloud forest. In order to understand how landscape patterns affect diversity in this ecosystem, this study explores the consequences of cloud forest fragmentation on bird diversity in eastern Mexico. I analysed the response of bird species richness and abundance as a function of forest fragment size, shape, topographical complexity, altitudinal range, connectivity, and proportion of landscape forested area in a system of 13 cloud forest fragments. Fragment shape was the main characteristic positively related to species richness in the bird community, but a differential response to landscape patterns was also detected. Fragment size was the main characteristic influencing the segment of the bird community depending mostly on forest, that is to say, forest interior and generalist species. In contrast, the extent of forest edge, expressed as fragment shape, produced a positive response of forest border species. Both, forest dependent and border dependent species positively responded to the extent of their suitable habitat. The immediate and most effective ecologically oriented conservation strategy for the region is the conservation of the largest cloud forest fragments.

Resource use and rarity among frugivorous birds in a tropical rain forest on Sulawesi [An article from: Biological Conservation]

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Resource use and rarity among frugivorous birds in a tropical rain forest on Sulawesi [An article from: Biological Conservation]
J.S. Walker
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000RR8LQQ

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Relatively few studies have focussed on the relationship between resource use and rarity. Rare species could differ from common species in two ways: rare species may utilise resources that are themselves rarer or rare species may utilise a narrower range of resources than common species (i.e., they are more specialised). I investigated the relationship between local abundance and patterns of food resource use for an assemblage of 19 frugivorous birds in the tropical lowland rain forest of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Over a 10-month period I collected data on two measures of rarity, the local abundance and monthly variability in local abundance of each bird species, together with data on their feeding ecology including dietary specialisation, resource availability, resource overlap and habitat use. These measures produced 18 ecological variables, 17 of which I correlated with the two measures of rarity using univariate correlations and minimum adequate multiple regression models. These were carried out using the original data and independent contrasts that controlled for potential phylogenetic bias. Both measures of rarity were most strongly correlated with measures of resource availability. In both the original data and independent contrasts regression models of the temporal variability in bird abundance, only temporal fruit availability was included as a significant predictor. In the regression models of bird abundance, the strongest significant predictor was the amount of rare fruit in the diet (a negative relationship). Both models also included measures of resource specialisation, however, these were not significant in the absence of the measure of resource availability. On Sulawesi, rare frugivorous birds utilise rare resources. Specialisation, however, might be an important factor in species persistence once they become rare. The generality of the findings need to be tested.

The responses of understorey birds to forest fragmentation, logging and wildfires: An Amazonian synthesis [An article from: Biological Conservation]

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The responses of understorey birds to forest fragmentation, logging and wildfires: An Amazonian synthesis [An article from: Biological Conservation]
J. Barlow , C.A. Peres , L.M.P. Henriques , and Stouffer
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000RR74ZU

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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We combine mist-net data from 24 disturbance treatments taken from seven studies on the responses of understorey Amazonian birds to selective logging, single and recurrent wildfires, and habitat fragmentation. The different disturbance treatments had distinct effects on avian guild structure, and fire disturbance and the isolation of forest patches resulted in bird communities that were most divergent from those in continuous, undisturbed forest in terms of their species composition. Although low-intensity logging treatments had the least noticeable effects, the composition of understorey birds was still markedly different from the composition in undisturbed forest. This analysis demonstrates the importance of preventing habitat fragmentation and the spread of fires in humid tropical forests, and highlights the need for more research to determine the long-term suitability of large areas of degraded forest for forest birds.

The value of primary, secondary and plantation forests for Amazonian birds [An article from: Biological Conservation]

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The value of primary, secondary and plantation forests for Amazonian birds [An article from: Biological Conservation]
J. Barlow , L.A.M. Mestre , T.A. Gardner , and C.A Peres
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000PDTXKK

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Secondary forests and exotic tree plantations are rapidly expanding across tropical landscapes, yet we currently have a very poor understanding of the value of these human-dominated forest landscapes for biodiversity conservation. Mist netting, point counts and transect walks were used to compare the bird communities of these habitats and neighboring primary forest in north-east Brazilian Amazonia. The extensive spatial scale of plantations and second-growth in our study area enabled us to implement a robust replicated design, with survey plots approximately two to three orders of magnitude larger than most previous studies of land-use change in the tropics, thus minimising the influence of the surrounding landscape. Species richness was highest in primary forest and lowest in Eucalyptus plantations, and community turnover between habitats was very high whether based upon matrices of relative abundance or species presence-absence data, and for both point count and mist net data. Monthly line-transect censuses conducted over an annual cycle showed an increase in the detection of canopy frugivores and seed predators during the peak of flower and fruit availability in primary forest, but failed to suggest that second-growth or Eucalyptus stands provide suitable foraging habitat at any time of the year. The conservation value of both secondary forest and plantations was low compared to conclusions from previous studies. Our results indicate that while large-scale reforestation of degraded land can increase regional levels of diversity, it is unlikely to conserve most primary forest species, such as understorey insectivores and canopy frugivores.

Maya Project: Investigation of raptors and their habitats as environmental indicators for preserving biodiversity and tropical forests of Latin America : progress report, 1988

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Maya Project: Investigation of raptors and their habitats as environmental indicators for preserving biodiversity and tropical forests of Latin America : progress report, 1988
William A Burnham
Manufacturer: The Peregrine Fund, World Center for Birds of Prey
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

Mayan | Ancient | History | Subjects | Books

General | Conservation | Outdoors & Nature | Subjects | Books
ASIN: B00071XFB8

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